OHS and Use of

Hand tools
A-D-H-A-Z-R
HAZARD
S-I-Y-P-H-C-L-A
PHYSICAL
K-P-R-W-O-L-E-A-C
WORKPLACE
C-H-M-E-A-N-I-L-A-C
MECHANICAL
O-B-O-G-I-L-I-L-C-A
BIOLOGICAL
Y-C-H-P-S-G-I-C-A-O-L-O-L
PSYCHOLOGICAL
S-K-R-I
RISK
G-O-N-E-R-I-C-O-M
ERGONOMIC
CONTENT OF THIS DISCUSSION

• IDENTIFY HAZARDS AND RISKS

• IDENTIFYING HAZARDS AT WORK
• EFFECT OF HAZARD ON HEALTH
• ERGONOMIC DESIGN
CONTENT OF THIS DISCUSSION

• Prepare hand tools

• Use appropriate hand tools
1.
Identify hazards Let’s start the
and risks subject.
HAZARD VS. RISK?
HAZARD VS. RISK?
WHAT IS HAZARD?

▸ A hazard is any source of potential damage,

harm or adverse effects on properties or
someone’s health under certain conditions at
work.
WORKPLACE HAZARD?

▸ General examples include any substance,

material, process, practice, etc that have the
ability to cause harm or adverse health effect
to a person under certain conditions.
THREE MODES/FORMS OF HAZARD?

▸ Dormant
▸ Armed
▸ Active
THREE MODES/FORMS OF HAZARD?

▸ Dormant

– The situation has the potential to be

hazardous, but no people, property, or
environment is currently affected by this.
THREE MODES/FORMS OF HAZARD?

▸ Armed

– The situation has the potential to be hazardous

and there are people, property, or environment that is
in potential harm's way.
THREE MODES/FORMS OF HAZARD?

▸ Active

– A harmful incident involving the hazard has

actually occurred. Often this is referred to not as an
"active hazard" but as an accident, emergency,
incident, or disaster.
THREE MODES/FORMS OF HAZARD?
CLASSES OF HAZARD?

▸ Physical
▸ Mechanical and/or electrical
▸ Chemical
▸ Biological
▸ Psychosocial environment
▸ Ergonomic
WHAT IS RISK?

▸ Risk is the chance or probability that a

person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
hazard.
WHAT IS RISK?

▸ In an auto repair shop, doing most of the

jobs place a technician in risky situation.
2.
Identifying Hazards
at Work

34
HAZARD MANAGEMENT

The process of identifying and fixing

potential hazards in the workplace
HAZARD MANAGEMENT

a simple procedure where you

assess and control the risk of
hazards to workers.
Some identified workplace hazards:

• Manual Handling
• Powered Tools and Hand Tools
• Slips, Trips and Falls
• Confined Spaces
• Noise
Some identified workplace hazards:

• Manual Handling

includes any activity that requires a

person to lift, push, pull, carry, hold or
move an object, person or thing.
Some identified workplace hazards:

• Manual Handling
Some identified workplace hazards:

• Powered Tools and Hand Tools

Many of the tools used in the automotive

industry are powered by electricity. Your
employer must make sure all electrical
machinery and equipment are kept in
good working order.
Some identified workplace hazards:

• Powered Tools and Hand Tools

Some identified workplace hazards:

• Slips, Trips and Falls

A slip or fall can cause injury to the

arms, legs, back, neck or head. Neck
and head injuries can cause damage to
the spinal cord and nervous system.
Some identified workplace hazards:

• Confined Spaces

Some automotive workshops have pits to

enable work to be done if a hoist is not
available.
Some identified workplace hazards:

• Noise

Excessive noise can cause

permanent hearing loss and is
probably the most common cause of
hearing loss in adult males.
3.
EFFECT OF HAZARD
ON HEALTH

45
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

Asbestosis

(caused by asbestos,
which is common in
insulation, automobile
brake linings, etc.)
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

Silicosis

(caused by silica, which is

common in mining,
sandblasting, etc.)
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

Lead poisoning

(caused by lead, which is

common in battery plants,
paint factories, etc.)
POOR WORKING CONDITIONS

Stress

occurs in many different

circumstances, but is
particularly strong when a
person’s ability to control
the demands of work is
threatened.
POOR WORKING CONDITIONS

Heart disease

related to work,
sometimes a result of
stressful condition that a
worker tries to overcome
an existing workload in
excess of his ability.
POOR WORKING CONDITIONS

Work-related
musculoskeletal disorders
(WMSDs)

are a group of painful

disorders of muscles,
tendons, and nerves.
Hazardous movements of the hand

Areas of Pain: wrist and

palm

Body Movement:
• repetitive, horizontal or
vertical movements of the wrist
to the extreme ranges
• moving fingers while the
wrist is in an extreme position
Exerting force while extending forearm

Areas of Pain: elbow

Body Movement:
 repetitive bending or
straightening of the elbow from
its neutral position (at a right
angle)
 twisting the wrist and forearm
Hazardous reaching movements - reaching
forward
Areas of Pain: neck and
shoulder

Body Movement:
• reaching above shoulder level
Hazardous reaching movements - reaching above
shoulder level
Areas of Pain: neck and
shoulder

Body Movement:
 reaching far out in front of the
body
Hazardous reaching movements - reaching behind
the trunk
Areas of Pain: neck and
shoulder

Body Movement:
 reaching behind the trunk
 twisting the arm
Allergies.
Occupational Dermatitis is by far the most common
cause of occupational disease and accounts for most
workdays lost.
4.
ERGONOMIC DESIGN

58
“let your
equipment
adjust, NOT
yourself”
Any questions?
UP NEXT!
▸ CONTINUATION OF DISCUSSION
▸ DISTRIBUTION OF TASKS