Rectifiers Basics V1.2020

Rectifier Basics
• Rectifier Types.
• Modules Capacity.
• PLD & LVD Bars Inside Rectifiers.
• Loads and Batteries C.B Locations.
• PLD & LVD Settings.
• Most Common Alarms.
• BDT Procedures
Power Operation Team
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Rectifier Basics
• The Aim of this presentation is to let the field engineers get the minimum level of information about the
rectifiers. By this level, FE will be able to identify rectifier types and make the first troubleshooting before
referring to their team leader.
• We will talk at these slides about the common rectifiers:
• Delta 2 (AMS2000) Rectifier.
• Delta 3 (DPS 2000) Rectifier.
• Delta 4 (DPS 2900) Rectifier.
• Power One Rectifier.
• Emerson Rectifier.
• NSN Rectifier.
• Huawei Rectifiers.
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Delta 2 Rectifier (AMS2000)
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Delta 2 Rectifier (AMS)
• Delta 2 Rectifier hold up to 8 modules 2000 W each so the

maximum output power is 16KW (Around 296A).
• Delta 2 Module (FR2000) is 2000 W so it out 37 A DC.
• The name of the Delta 2 controller is PSC1000.
• During any site intervention, you shouldn’t leave the site

with an active alarm appeared.
• To get the active alarm at the controller, from Home Page,

press up arrows.
• To get the alarm history, from Main Menu, 2. Protocol.
PSC1000 controller record the recent 50 alarm.
• After modifying anything at the PSC 1000, you must save the
data. Go to Main Menu, 3. General then, 5. Current Par
Save.
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• All loads should be connected to load bars and batteries to battery bar.
• Rectifier AC cable that feeds the rectifier should be 4×10 mm.
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LVD & PLD Settings:

• Low voltage disconnection (LVD) function protects the battery
from a deep discharge.
• Partial Load Disconnection (PLD) function is exist to prioritize

separate loads.
• Low priority bar is the bar that connected by the PLD
contactor wherever its place in rectifier.
• To locate the low priority bar in the rectifier, you should

locate the PLD contactor firstly.
• Low Priority Bar should have 2G, 3G and 4G equipment.
• High Priority Bar should have MW links only.
• Password: Up, Up, Down, Exit, Exit, Enter
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LVD & PLD Settings:

• To get the settings at the PSC1000 controller, From Home screen Press Exit to go to Main Menu then 11. Auxiliary
Then Enter. You will find below values.
• These values are the default values for all rectifiers.
• LVD Value (UTRIP1 Low) must be 43.2 V for all rectifiers with all batteries brands.
• PLD Value (UTRIP2 Low) is adjusted according to site needs (Site importance and cascaded sites importance).
Value Default Settings Comment

1. UTRIP 1 Low 43.20 V LVD Value - The value at which the batteries will be disconnected from loads
2. UTRIP 1 OK 50.00 V The value at which the batteries will be reconnected to loads
PLD Value - The value at which the low priority bar will be disconnected from the other
3. UTRIP 2 Low 45.60 V load bars
4. UTRIP 2 OK 50.00 V The value at which the low priority loads will be reconnected to the other load bars
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• PLD and LVD contactors are not appeared from the

front. Only contactor screws and bolts are appeared as
shown in the photos.
• The rectifier at the upper photo is Delta 2 rectifier

without PLD contactor so all load bars are connected
through copper bars to the main bar.
• PLD Contactor usually installed at the middle bar from

load bars but you may find it at the first or third bar.
• The rectifier at the lower photo is Delta 2 rectifier with

PLD contactor and the contactor is not at the middle
bar as usual. It’s connected at the right bar.
• If Low priority bar has no space to install all low priority

traffic (2G, 3G, 4G), we have to install external DC box
and install its C.B at the low priority bar.
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• Battery Bar shouldn’t have load C.B as batteries will deeply discharge without LVD feature. This leads to
batteries damage.
• The Left photo has load C.B connected at battery bar and this is a violation. Load C.B at battery bar should
be removed immediately.
• Batteries bar should be clear from any loads as the photo in the right.
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Most Common Alarms at AMS: (UA: Urgent Alarm, NUA: Non Urgent Alarm, MF: Mains Failure)
• “RM Failure”: Means that there is a problem at rectifier modules. Alarm will clear once remove or replace the
faulty module.
• “TBATT HIGH”: Means that batteries temperature exceeds the adjusted level. Press down arrow then Tbatt. The
default settings at the rectifiers is that high temp alarm will generate at the rectifier screen when Tbatt is higher
than 28° and cleared when Tbatt is lower than 25°. We should check the A/C and the cooling system and Alarm will
clear when the temperature is below 25°.
• “Alarm 1”: Means that rectifier surge arrestor has a problem at the slots or at the surge base. Alarm will clear once
replaced the surge arrestor.
• “HW Failure”: The common problem cause this alarm is faulty temperature sensor. You have to check temperature
sensor and its connector and check the temperature on rectifier. If it appears as ***, means temp sensor faulty and
needs to be replaced.
• “PSYS High”: Means that the rectifier output power is more than adjusted settings. You should check the value from
Menu, then Alarm, then PSYS High. Psys high value should be calculated as number of modules ×2000W. If you have
5M, Psys should be 10000.
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Most Common Alarms at AMS: (UA: Urgent Alarm, NUA: Non Urgent Alarm, MF: Mains Failure)
• “Load Fuse”: Means that there is Load C.B tripped off or a problem at Loads C.B alarm chip. To clear it you should
check all load C.Bs and alarm chips.
• “Battery Fuse”: Means that there is battery C.B tripped off or a problem at batteries C.B alarm chip. Also, alarm will
appear if there is a problem at rectifier LVD.
• To clear the alarm, you should check all batteries C.Bs and alarm chips. Also, you should check the DC voltage
at load bars and battery bar.
• If LVD is working, you will find the two voltages are the same. If there is a problem at rectifier LVD contactor,
you will find the two voltages are not the same (the voltage at load bar is around 54 V and the voltage at
battery bar is 51 V).
• “Isys High”: Means that the rectifier output ampere is more than adjusted settings. You should check the value
from Menu, then Alarm, then ISYS High.
• “Us min”: Means that the rectifier output voltage is lower than adjusted settings. You should check the value
from Menu, then Alarm, then Us min. it should be 52.5 V
Delta 3 Rectifier (DPS2000)
• Delta 3 Rectifier hold up to 8 modules 2000 W each so the

maximum output power is 16KW (Around 296A).
• Delta 3 Module (FR2000) is 2000 W so it out 37 A DC.


press Enter then 3. Alarms then 3.1 Alarm List.
• To get the alarm history, you should login the controller and
extract the log file.
• To get Ibatt max., go to Main Menu, 7. Battery Function,

7.10 Battery Para, Batt 1 or Batt Shunt then Ibatt max.
• Delta 3 rectifier by default doesn’t contain PLD contactor.
• Password: Up, Up, Down, Exit, Exit, Enter.

LVD & PLD Settings:

• Low voltage disconnection (LVD) function protects the battery
from a deep discharge.
• Partial Load Disconnection (PLD) function is exist to prioritize

separate loads.
• High priority bar is the bar that connected to the main bar.
• Low priority bar is the bar that connected by PLD contactor

wherever its place in rectifier (at right or left).
• To locate the low priority bar in the rectifier, you should

locate the PLD contactor firstly.
• Password: Up, Up, Down, Exit, Exit, Enter

LVD & PLD Settings:

• To get the settings at the PSC3 controller, From Home screen Press
Enter to go to Main Menu then 6. Configuration Then 6.1. Event
then 6.1.1 Threshold then LVD and PLD. You will find below values.
• From Main Menu, then 1.DC-SYS Status, then LVD Bat1 and LVD
Load1. Inhibit should be No.
• These values are the default values for all rectifiers.
Default Values Comment

Low Threshold 43.2 V The value at which batteries will be disconnected from all loads
LVD
Hysteresis 6.8 V (6.8+43.2=50V) 50V is the value at which the batteries will be reconnected to loads
Low Threshold 45.6 V PLD Value - The value at which low priority bar will be disconnected from the other
load bars
PLD
(4.40+45.6=50V) 50V The value at which the low priority loads will be reconnected to
Hysteresis 4.40 V the other load bar
Most Common Alarms at PSC3: (URG: Urgent Alarm, NURG: Non Urgent Alarm, MF: Mains Failure)
• “RFA”: Means that there is a problem at rectifier modules. You need to check all rectifier modules and the number
of modules adjusted at the PSC3.
From Main Menu then 8. Rectifier

Function, then 8.1 Configuration, then
8.1.2 Setup, Then 8.1.2.1 RM Number.
Number of modules in “RM number”
should be the same as the number of
modules installed at the rectifier.
• “Tbatt high”: Batteries temperature exceeds the adjusted level. Go to Main Menu then 1. DC-SYS status then
temperature or Tbatt. The normal settings at the rectifiers is that high temp alarm will activated at the rectifier
screen when Tbatt is higher than 28° and cleared when Tbatt is lower than 25°. We should check the A/C and the
cooling system.
• Alarm will be cleared when the temperature is below 25°.
• “VDR True”: means that rectifier surge arrestor has a problem at the slots or at the surge base. Alarm will clear
when replacing the surge arrestor.
• “Load Fuse”: One of load C.Bs trip off or C.B chip board is not inserted at the C.B or touch the rectifier body. Alarm
will clear once trip on the C.Bs or check the C.B chip.
• “Battery Fuse”: Means that there is battery C.B tripped off or there is a problem at batteries C.B alarm chip or touch
the rectifier body. Also, alarm will appear if there is a problem at rectifier LVD.
• You should check all batteries C.Bs and alarm chips. If batteries C.B is down, you should check batteries
charging current limit and make sure that it is within accepted range. Alarm will clear once trip on batteries C.B.
• You should check the DC voltage at load bars and battery bar. If LVD is working, you will find the two voltages
are the same.
• If there is a problem at rectifier LVD contactor, you will find the two voltages are not the same; (the voltage at
load bar is around 54 V and the voltage at battery bar is 51 V). Alarm will clear if LVD problem solved.
To get batteries charging current, From

Main Menu then 7. Battery Function,
then 7.10 Battery Para, then Batt1 or
Battery Shunt, Then max Ibatt
• “HW Failure”: The common problem cause this alarm is faulty temperature sensor. You have to check temperature
sensor and its connector and check the temperature on rectifier. If it appears as ***, means temp sensor faulty and
• Usys, Iload, and Ibatt reads ***: You need to clean the controller sockets well with blower and check problem
clearance. If still exist, then controller needs to be checked and repaired if needed.
• Iload, and Ibatt reads ***: You need to clean the controller sockets well with blower and check problem clearance.
If still exist, trip off batteries C.B. if values appeared; it means that there is a problem at LVD. Problem will be
cleared if LVD problem checked.
• “Us min”: Means that the rectifier output voltage is lower than adjusted settings. You should check the value from
Menu, then 7. Battery Function, then 7.4 Usys Supervision then Us min. it should be 52.5 V. Alarm will clear if the
rectifier voltage above the adjusted value.
• In Delta 3 Rectifiers, Battery bar is the bar that located

exactly above the controller.
• We have two versions from the Delta 3 rectifiers with two

different C.Bs as per the photos.
• As all rectifiers, Battery Bars shouldn’t have load C.B as

batteries will deeply discharge without LVD feature. This
leads to batteries damage.
Before starting the BDT, you should check batteries charging

current.
• From the Main Menu, 1.DC-SYS Status then 1.1 Overview
then Ibatt. Ibatt is the battery current.
• Make sure that batteries are fully charged (Ibatt = 0A) before
the test.
• We can’t proceed starting the BDT If Ibatt with a value

higher than 1 A as batteries are not fully charged.
Delta 4 (DPS2900) Rectifier
• Delta 4 Rectifier can hold up to 6 modules 2900 W each so

the maximum output power is 17.4KW (Around 316A).
• The output of Delta 4 Module (DPR2900) is 52A DC.
• The controller name of Delta 4 is PSC3.


press Enter then 3. Alarms then 3.1 Alarm List.
• To get the alarm history, you should login the controller and
extract the log file.
• To get Ibatt max., go to Main Menu, 7. Battery Function,

7.10 Battery Para, Batt 1 or Batt Shunt then Ibatt max.
• Delta 4 rectifier has PLD contactor by default.

LVD & PLD Settings:

• Low voltage disconnection (LVD) function protects the
battery from a deep discharge.
• Partial Load Disconnection (PLD) function is exist to

prioritize separate loads.
• If you have a problem at the PLD functionality, You need

to check the load bars if the two bars are connected to
same DC Box through same –ve bar.
• In Delta 4 rectifiers, there is a fuse for the PLD and for the
controller (PSC3) so you have to check it during the
troubleshooting if you have a problem at them.
• Password: Up, Up, Down, Exit, Exit, Enter.

LVD & PLD Settings:

• To get the settings at the PSC3 controller, From Main Menu, then
1.DC-SYS Status, then LVD Bat1 and LVD Load1 (You may find LVD
and PLD instead). Inhibit should be No.
• Also, From Home screen Press Enter to go to Main Menu then 6.

Configuration Then 6.1. Event then 6.1.1 Threshold then LVD and
PLD. You will find below values.
Default Values Comment

Low Threshold 43.2 V The value at which batteries will be disconnected from all loads
LVD
Hysteresis 6.8 V (6.8+43.2=50V) 50V is the value at which the batteries will be reconnected to loads
Low Threshold 45.6 V PLD Value - The value at which low priority loads will be disconnected from batteries
PLD (4.40+45.6=50V) 50V The value at which the low priority loads will be reconnected to
Hysteresis 4.40 V the batteries
Most Common Alarms at PSC3: (URG: Urgent Alarm, NURG: Non Urgent Alarm, MF: Mains Failure)
• “RFA”; Rectifier Failure Means that there is a problem at rectifier modules. You need to check all rectifier modules
and check the number of modules adjusted at the PSC3 as below. Alarm will clear once replace the faulty module or
remove the faulty module and adjust the number of modules at the controller.
From Main Menu then 8. Rectifier

Function, then 8.1 Configuration, then
8.1.2 Setup, Then 8.1.2.1 RM Number.
Number of modules in “RM number”
should be the same as the number of
modules installed at the rectifier.
• “Tbatt high”: Batteries temperature exceeds the adjusted level. Go to Main Menu then 1. DC-SYS status then
temp or Tbatt. The normal settings at the rectifiers is that high temp alarm will activated at the rectifier screen
when Tbatt is higher than 28° and cleared when Tbatt is lower than 25°. We should check the A/C and the cooling
system.
• “VDR True”: means that rectifier surge arrestor has a problem at its slots or at the surge base.
• “Load Fuse”: One of load C.Bs trip off or C.B chip board is not inserted at the C.B or touch the rectifier body. Alarm
will clear once trip on the C.Bs or check the C.B chip.
• “Battery Fuse”: Means that there is battery C.B tripped off or there is a problem at batteries C.B alarm chip or touch
the rectifier body. Also, alarm will appear if there is a problem at rectifier LVD.
• You should check all batteries C.Bs and alarm chips. If batteries C.B is down, you should check batteries
charging current limit and make sure that it is within accepted range. Alarm will clear once trip on batteries C.B.
• You should check the DC voltage at load bars and battery bar. If LVD is working, you will find the two voltages
are the same.
• If there is a problem at rectifier LVD contactor, you will find the two voltages are not the same; (the voltage at
load bar is around 54 V and the voltage at battery bar is 51 V). Alarm will clear if LVD problem solved.
• Battery C.B is always trip off; Means that there is a problem at batteries cables or batteries charging current is
more than C.B rate.
• Batteries C.B rate at Delta 4 is 80 A.
• You have to check battery charge current and make sure that it is within accepted range and trip on batteries C.B.
You can get battery charge current as illustrated below.
From Main Menu then 7. Battery

Function, then 7.10 Battery Para, then
Batt1 or Battery Shunt, Then max Ibatt
• “HW Failure”: The common problem cause this alarm is faulty temperature sensor. You have to check
temperature sensor and its connector and check the temperature on rectifier. If it appears as ***, means temp
sensor faulty and needs to be replaced.
• You need to Save the configuration after every modification at the controller. From Main Menu, then 9.Setup,
then 9.1 Save setup.
Power One Rectifier
Power One Rectifier
• Power One rectifier hold up to 7 modules.
• Power One module is 2500W so it out about 45 A.

press down arrow then Show Alarm. You will get all active
alarms at the controller.
• To get battery temperature, from Home Page, press down

arrow then Show Data then Temperature.
• Power One rectifier doesn’t have PLD by default.

Accept removed parts:
• Removing a module or unit will appear to the controller as
a communication error so you need to inform the
controller that something changed. To get it, from Home
Page, press up arrow then Miscellaneous then Accept
removed parts then Select Yes.
Power One Rectifier
• At Power One Rectifiers, Battery bar is the bar right to

modules C.Bs.
• Battery Bar usually have 4 C.Bs.
• Battery Bar shouldn’t have load C.B as batteries will deeply

discharge without LVD feature. This leads to batteries
damage.
• Bottoms and LED indications appeared as shown in the

photo.
• Controller Password: 1234.

Before starting the BDT, you must check on batteries charging
current before disconnecting the power.
• From the Home Page, you will find Batcurr.
• Make sure that batteries are fully charged (Batcurr = 0A)

before the test.
Power One Rectifier
Most Common Alarms at Power One Controller:

• “Temp probe failure”: Check on battery temperature sensor.
• “Communication failure”: Check all rectifier modules and remove the faulty units then make accept removed parts.
• “Battery temp alarm”: Check on battery temperature value.
• “Module failure”: Check on modules operation.
• “Mains error”: Means that rectifier has power alarm.
• “Battery breaker failure”: Means that there is batteries C.B tripped off.
• “Low system voltage”: Check rectifier voltage using Voltmeter and batteries voltage. Problem may be due to high
loads and low number of modules (modules can’t support loads and batteries) or settings not properly adjusted.
• “Distribution breaker failure”: Means that there is Load C.B tripped off.
• In case of the controller screen is shutdown or doesn’t appear any data, it means that the controller is faulty and
Power One Rectifier
Emerson Rectifier
Emerson Rectifier
• Emerson Rectifier hold up to 5 modules each 2000 W so it

out about 37 A.
• To get the active alarms at the controller, Home Page press

Enter to go to Main Menu, then Status, then Active Alarms.
• To get battery temperature, From Main Menu, then Status,

then Battery, then Battery Group, then you will find BTRM.
• Emerson Rectifier has four bars; Priority bar, Batteries bar,

and 2 normal load bar (low priority bar).
• Battery Bar is the second bar from the left as appeared at

the photo.
• Controller has three level of password: 1, 2 and 640275 for

User Password, Operator Password and Administrator
password respectively.
• This Controller erase its data by reset so don’t hard reset.

Emerson Rectifier
LVD & PLD Settings:

• Emerson rectifier has PLD by default but its name is LLVD.
• High priority bar is the bar that located at the left of the
rectifier. You should connect MW links only through this bar.
• Low Priority Bars are the two bars that located at the right of
the rectifier and they should have 2G, 3G and 4G equipment.
• From Home Page press Enter to go to Main Menu, then

Parameter Set, then LVD.
• LVD mode is set to voltage mode or time mode.
• BLVD Value is the value at which batteries will be

disconnected from all loads.
• LLVD Value is the value at which low priority loads will be
disconnected from batteries.
Emerson Rectifier
• Battery Bar shouldn’t have load C.B as batteries will deeply discharge without LVD feature. This leads to batteries
damage.
• The Left photo has load C.B connected at battery bar and this is a violation. Load C.B should be removed
immediately.
• Batteries bar should be clear from any loads as the photo in the right.
Emerson Rectifier
NSN Rectifier (FPRA)
• NSN Rectifier (Flexi Power Rectifier FPRA) hold up to 3

modules (in case of one Shelf).
• NSN module is 2KW so it out about 37A.
• The output power of one NSN rectifier (FPRA) is 6KW.
• NSN rectifier can be installed up to three shelves with

each other (Up to 9 modules).
• NSN rectifier doesn’t support PLD feature.
• NSN rectifier is outdoor solution and it is working

properly in outdoor but when maintaining best model of
installation; when closing the rectifier front and back
covers well and closing all rectifier ports with the glands.
• NSN rectifier is sensitive to the earth leakage so you
should check the earth system at the site.
• During any intervention at any site have NSN rectifier, you must maintain best model of NSN installation as in the
next photos as all rectifier covers must be covered well with their screws.
• During any intervention at any site have NSN rectifier, you must maintain the best model of NSN installation as in the
next photos as all rectifier ports must be closed. The same thing should be done at the Ethernet port at rectifier PCB.
PDA Rectifier Module Module AC Module
• NSN Rectifier consist of three parts; Rectifier Housing, Cable Data Cable
Power Distribution Assembly (PDA) and Three
Modules.
• PDA is the controller of the NSN rectifier and it has PCB

PCB Card
board (Alarm board). Rectifier Housing
Module AC Cable
• PDA unit has five C.Bs. Two C.Bs (C.B 1 and C.B 2) for
loads and three C.Bs (C.B 3, C.B 4 and C.B 5) for
batteries.
• The two loads C.Bs should be connected to the DC box

at each rectifier.
• When we have more than one shelf, Parallel cable

should be connected through C.B 5 at both rectifiers (in
case we have two shelves).
-54 V Bus bar

-54 Bus bar PDA Input Handle
Module Output
Handle Cover Window of
the
breakers
LED Indicator
LED
Screen
Fan RS485 interface

Case AC input For Data Cable
Cover Modules Data
Connector Earth cable PCB Alarm
of PDA Board Cable
Rectifier Module Rectifier PDA
• PCB Board: J22 J11
J22 Rosette:
It is consist of 14 port used to connect Temperature sensor at ports (7,8,9,10)
and other ports for connecting the parallel cable between two rectifiers.
• Temperature sensor: consists of 4 wires (red –white –black - cable screen

(thick black)) fixed at J22 as in below photos and table.
• If Temperature degree at rectifier equal - 49 °c this means temp sensor is

faulty or there are a bad connection of its cable. LVD will be disconnected
till fix the sensor problem.
Modules Data Cables
PCB Alarm Board
J22 Rosette:
• Parallel cables between two rectifiers is connected as shown in the
table.
• We connect two parallel cables as a cross between the two boards.
• Below photos showing the connection for one cable. The other cable
should be connected too but reversed (cross).
• After connecting the two cables you will find that all ports are
connected as in the photo in the right.
The photo after connecting the two

parallel cables and temperature
sensor
• PCB Board:
J11 Rosette:
• It is consist of 14 port used to connect power alarms (Mains fail,
Major, Minor).
• The two wires of the alarms are sensible of the polarity i.e. the alarm
will not appear if you reverse the two wires.
• We connect mains fail through ports 9,10 and Major alarm at ports
11,12 and Minor alarm at 13,14.
• The other ports are reserved in case we need to connect another

alarm as surge arrestor alarm or use them in case of any of the relays
fail.
• During any replacement of power modules, you must make sure that the below plastic item is removed from the
output port of the rectifier module and from the rectifier housing.
• You should login the rectifier to get the

rectifier parameter and know the rectifier
alarms.
• We set the IP address of the windows at

142.120.72.170 and the IP address of the
browser at 142.120.72.172.
• User Name : root
• Password: default
• During your intervention at any site have NSN

rectifier, you should make sure that NSN A/C
Control board is working normally and the
temperature at the software within accepted
range. If not at the range, you should check
the cooling system.
• You should make sure that the CU and all modules

doesn’t have any alarm (Red) and all green.
• You should make sure that all modules have the same
current (Load is balancing) and no modules have 0 A.
• If you found load at module is 0 A, it means that no

power out from the module and you need to check
the module output port and software version for the
rectifier; it should be R3D.
• Before starting the BDT, you should check on

batteries charging current. From the software, Bat.
Current at the CU must be 0 before the test starting.
• If Bat. Current with a value higher than 1 A, we can’t

proceed conducting battery test till batteries become
fully charged.
• You must check the rectifier module configuration and make sure that it’s configured (Left photo).
• You must check the CU (control unit) configuration and make sure that it’s configured (Right photo).
• To get these windows, you press left click at the CU or rectifier module part and choose Alarm Configuration.
• You should check Battery Related Parameter and make sure that it’s configured as the below capture.
• You should check System Related Parameter and make sure that it’s configured as the below capture. Charging
current limit is adjusted to be from 20 to 30 A per string.
• To get these windows, go to System Settings then System related settings then System related Parameter. Also,
System Settings then Batteries related settings then batteries related Parameter.
• After changing the PDA, You should check on the PDA firmware and make sure that the current version is R3D. If you
changed two PDAs, you must make firmware upgrade at each PDA. From Maintenance, Firmware Upgrade, Current
Version.
• You should make firmware upgrade at each rectifier if you have more than one rectifier.
• Most Common Problems:
• PDA can’t accessed by laptop. You need to check the PDA LEDs, if it turns on, then you should replace the alarm PCB
board. If problem still exist, then you have to replace the PDA unit.
• Modules loads read 0 A. It means that no power out from the module and you need to check the module output port
and make sure that there it is in good condition and no plastic cover inserted on it. Also check software version for
the rectifier; it should be R3D.
• Modules are not balanced. You have to check the parallel cable between the rectifiers and check the cables at load
C.Bs (all Load C.Bs should be connected to the DC box).
• Temperature degree at rectifier equal - 49°this means that temperature sensor is faulty or there are a bad connection
of its cable. LVD will be disconnected due to this problem.
• If you find any alarm at the home page, you have to check the alarm name from Alarm Information and revise the
alarm configuration mentioned before.
• Power Alarms not appear or appears continuously. You should check alarm cable polarization and check rectifier
settings in Pages 45 and 49.
• If we have a problem at alarm appearance, you need to check Alarm out allocation menu. From System Settings, then
Signal Out Settings then Alarm Out Allocation. CU PDU Master, Slave 1 and Slave 2 are the same settings and Rec A1
till Rec C3 are the same settings.
Huawei Rectifiers
Huawei Rectifiers
• There are a lot of types of Huawei Rectifiers with different

modules capacity.
• We have rectifiers types TP48300A, TP48200A, TP48300B,

TP48400B, ETP48300A, and others. For Micro sites, we have
TP48120A, TP4860H.
• Cabinets Model number is illustrated at the photos.
• Modules capacity varies from 1600 W till 3000 W according

to modules types.
Huawei Rectifiers
LLVD & BLVD Settings:
• For All Huawei rectifiers, There are two values; BLVD and
LLVD.
• BLVD Value is the value at which batteries will be

disconnected from all loads and BLVD Bar should have MW
links only.
• LLVD Value is the value at which low priority loads only will
be disconnected from batteries.
• LLVD bar should have 2G, 3G and 4G loads.
• LLVD and BLVD Labels are written at the breakers or at the

rectifier bars at all Huawei rectifiers.
• The default values for all Huawei rectifiers are LLVD is 45.6
V and BLVD is 43.2 V.
Huawei Rectifiers
Huawei (PMU – CPMU01) - White
• Battery Deep Discharge switch must be at Normal not BAT ON.

If this switch is turned at BAT ON, it means that LVD contactor
will not disconnect the batteries from loads and batteries will
got deep discharge then damage.
• Password: 0#.
• To get the active alarms at the rectifier, from Main Menu,

then Status, then Active Alarms.
• To get LLVD and BLVD settings, From Main Menu, then

Settings, then Battery Settings, then LVD Settings then LLVD
(Enable/Disable) and LLVD and BLVD Values.
• This controller doesn’t provide login feature .
Huawei Rectifiers
Huawei (SMU02B or SMU02C) - Black
• Password: 000001.
• To get Active alarms from the controller; from main Menu then Active
Alarms.
• To get BLVD settings, From Main Menu, then Parameter Settings then,
Battery then, BLVD Parameter then BLVD Voltage.
• To get LLVD settings, From Main Menu, then Parameter Settings then,
Power System then, Basic Parameter then LLVD Voltage.
• You can login at this controller to get Alarm log or more detailed
information using Ethernet cable.
• Browser IP 192.168.0.10 and Laptop IP 192.168.0.11. You can check the

configured IPs from Network Parameter.
• User Name is admin and Password is 000001.

Huawei Rectifiers
Alarm Ports at the rectifier:
• Mains Failure (Power Alarm) should be

connected through Alarm 1.
• Major Alarm Should be connected through

Alarm 3.
• Minor Alarm should be connected through

Alarm 5.
• High Temp alarm should be connected through

Alarm 6.
• Door Alarm Should be through Alarm 7.
• Fire Alarm (Smoke Alarm) should be configured

through any available port.
BDT Procedures
BDT Procedures
• Firstly please take into your consideration that BDT sheet must be very accurate.
• Any investigation by supplier or by Orange teams resulted by non-defected battery

or fake BDT, A penalty will be applied.
• You have to check your tools (AVO and clamp) before moving to the site.
• Please use the latest version of BDT sheet (2020 BDT sheet).
• Rectifier bus bar reading is the reading between the +ve and –ve bars inside
rectifier. Voltage reading is taken by voltammeter and Ampere reading is taken
from the rectifier screen.
• Check the battery Ampere from rectifier and with DC Clamp Ampere ( Ibatt must
equal zero or less than 1).
• Check the cable connection tightening between batteries and rectifiers .
• Check battery bar inside rectifier and make sure that no loads are connected at
battery bar.
BDT Procedures
You need to take the needed readings before and after disconnecting
power according to BDT sheets tables as below:
• Rectifier bus bar voltage and Ampere from rectifier screen.
• Voltage readings for all batteries.
• Voltage and Ampere readings for battery strings.
• Make sure that rectifier voltage always equals the summation of
string battery cells readings at any time (equal to string voltage).
Stop the battery test if any of the below cases found:
• Rectifier voltage is 44 V.
• You reached the test time (3Hrs or 4Hrs according to site type).
• Any battery voltage become less that 1.8 V (for 2V batteries).
• Any battery voltage become less than 10.8 V (for 12 V batteries).
BDT Procedures
After ending your test, you have to complete all the needed data inside the BDT sheet :
• Site power source.
• Rectifier type and model.
• Battery type.
• Number of RF modules 2G, 3G and 4G and number of MW links and types (not number of cells).
• For Huawei rectifiers, Rectifier type and module is written at the rectifier cabinet door (Example, Huawei TP48300A).
Duration of BDTs:
• Battery test for any New site should be 4 Hours.
• Battery test for any replaced batteries should be 4 Hours.
• Battery test for any BSC should be 5 Hours.
• Battery test for any (Macro – Micro – Nodal - VIP) site at the cycle should be 3 Hours.
BDT Procedures
• Taken readings must be accurate, For 12 V, take two digits after the period like 12.23 V and for 2 V, take three digits
after the period like 2.112 V.
• If you have more than one rectifier, you must take the data corresponding to every rectifier. i.e. Don’t put the same
data and configuration for all rectifiers as every rectifier has different loads.
• BDT sheet must have the correct site name and site code taken from site count.
• BDT sheet should have the current temperature taken from the rectifier screen.
• You should insert the photos at the sheet to be fit at the cell. i.e. the photo shouldn’t be greater than the cell or
smaller than the cell.
• You must clean the batteries surface as the battery surface contains holes and if these holes not cleaned well, the
batteries will be ballooned.
• At Summery sheet, each site should have one BDT only (most recent one) and if you conducted BDT twice due to
any reason, you have to remove the old one.
BDT Procedures
• You should fill the site equipment table with the working devices
that connected to the rectifier.
• If you have a switch off MW link connected to the rectifier, we don’t
write it at the table.
• If you have two rectifiers at the site or more, the table should be
filled with each rectifier data separately. i.e. to be filled with the
equipment that connected to each rectifier.
• If site has weak batteries, you should take care during the test and
take measures repeatedly and don’t wait till reach the sheet time
(30 Min, 1Hr, ….. ) to avoid site OOS and to stop the test once reach
44 V or 10.8 V/Cell.
• Battery Test must show batteries performance.
• Test that ends at 46 V for example before 3 Hrs without one cell
down will be rejected.
Thank You

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Rectifier Basics

Power Operation Team

• We will talk at these slides about the common rectifiers:

• Delta 2 (AMS2000) Rectifier.

• Delta 3 (DPS 2000) Rectifier.

• Delta 4 (DPS 2900) Rectifier.

• Power One Rectifier.

• Delta 2 Rectifier hold up to 8 modules 2000 W each so the

• Delta 2 Module (FR2000) is 2000 W so it out 37 A DC.

• The name of the Delta 2 controller is PSC1000.

• During any site intervention, you shouldn’t leave the site

• To get the active alarm at the controller, from Home Page,

• Rectifier AC cable that feeds the rectifier should be 4×10 mm.

LVD & PLD Settings:

• Partial Load Disconnection (PLD) function is exist to prioritize

• To locate the low priority bar in the rectifier, you should

• Low Priority Bar should have 2G, 3G and 4G equipment.

• High Priority Bar should have MW links only.

• Password: Up, Up, Down, Exit, Exit, Enter

LVD & PLD Settings:

• These values are the default values for all rectifiers.

Value Default Settings Comment

• PLD and LVD contactors are not appeared from the

• The rectifier at the upper photo is Delta 2 rectifier

• PLD Contactor usually installed at the middle bar from

• The rectifier at the lower photo is Delta 2 rectifier with

• If Low priority bar has no space to install all low priority

• Delta 3 Rectifier hold up to 8 modules 2000 W each so the

• During any site intervention, you shouldn’t leave the site

• To get the active alarm at the controller, from Home Page,

• To get Ibatt max., go to Main Menu, 7. Battery Function,

• Delta 3 rectifier by default doesn’t contain PLD contactor.

• Password: Up, Up, Down, Exit, Exit, Enter.

LVD & PLD Settings:

• Partial Load Disconnection (PLD) function is exist to prioritize

• Low priority bar is the bar that connected by PLD contactor

• To locate the low priority bar in the rectifier, you should

• Low Priority Bar should have 2G, 3G and 4G equipment.

• High Priority Bar should have MW links only.

• Password: Up, Up, Down, Exit, Exit, Enter

LVD & PLD Settings:

• These values are the default values for all rectifiers.

Default Values Comment

From Main Menu then 8. Rectifier

To get batteries charging current, From

• In Delta 3 Rectifiers, Battery bar is the bar that located

• We have two versions from the Delta 3 rectifiers with two

• As all rectifiers, Battery Bars shouldn’t have load C.B as

Before starting the BDT, you should check batteries charging

• We can’t proceed starting the BDT If Ibatt with a value

• Delta 4 Rectifier can hold up to 6 modules 2900 W each so

• The output of Delta 4 Module (DPR2900) is 52A DC.

• The controller name of Delta 4 is PSC3.

• During any site intervention, you shouldn’t leave the site

• To get the active alarm at the controller, from Home Page,

• To get Ibatt max., go to Main Menu, 7. Battery Function,

• Delta 4 rectifier has PLD contactor by default.

LVD & PLD Settings: