LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE

LED
A light-emitting diode (LED)- is a
semiconductor light source.
History
Electroluminescence as a phenomenon
was discovered in 1907 by the British
experimenter
The first practical visible-spectrum (red)
LED was developed in 1962 by Nick
Holonyak, while working at General
Electric Company. Holonyak is seen as the
"father of the light-emitting diode".
Miniature - they are usually simple in design, not
requiring any separate cooling body.
Mid-range - they sometimes have the diode
mounted to four leads (two cathode leads, two
anode leads)
High power - high power LEDs (HPLED) can be
driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more
than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA
for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand
lumens.
Advantages
Efficiency: LEDs emit more light per watt than
incandescent light bulbs.
Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color without
using any color filters as traditional lighting methods
need.
Size: LEDs can be very small (smaller than 2 mm2) and
are easily populated on to printed circuit boards.
On/Off time: LEDs used in communications devices can
have even faster response times.
Lifetime: LEDs can have a relatively long useful life.
Shock resistance: LEDs, being solid state components,
are difficult to damage with external shock
Disadvantages
High initial price: LEDs are currently more
expensive, price per lumen, on an initial capital cost
basis, than most conventional lighting technologies
Voltage sensitivity: LEDs must be supplied with the
voltage above the threshold and a current below
the rating.
Droop: The efficiency of LEDs tends to decrease as
one increases current.
Temperature dependence: LED performance largely
depends on the ambient temperature of the
operating environment.
Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as
diverse as aviation lighting, automotive lighting,
advertising, general lighting, and traffic signals.
LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, live
video, and sensors to be developed, while their
high switching rates are also useful in advanced
communications technology. Infrared LEDs are
also used in the remote control units of many
commercial products including televisions, DVD
players, and other domestic appliances.
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a t te n t i on