INTRODUCTION

TO CULTURE,
SOCIETY, AND
POLITICS
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Overview:
• Major Social Science Disciplines
• Society, Culture, Politics Defined
• Identity and Human Variations
Introduction to Culture, Society, and Politics
Introduces the fundamental concepts in studying the
course. The concept of identity is discussed as a
significant influence on individual and group
behavior, and the chapter relates it to culture, society,
and change.
Essential to understanding the Philippine society and
culture are the views, theories, and ideas taken from
the social sciences particularly Anthropology,
Sociology, and Political Science.
 01 Define the social sciences and describe its various
fields.

LESSON
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the chapter, the students will be able
to:
02 Define the concept of identity and relate it to
society and culture.

03
Demonstrate an interest and willingness to explore
the origins and dynamics of culture, society, and
politics.
MAJOR
SOCIAL
SCIENCES
D I S C I P L I N E S
 ANTHROPOLOGY

01 Is the study of humankind. This is a merging of natural sciences

and the social sciences.

HISTORY

02 Attempts to ascertain, record and explain facts and events that

happened in the past.

GEOGRAPHY

03 Is the study of the features of the eart and the location of living
things on the planet.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

04 Includes the study of government, the need for the institution, its
forms, and its processes.
 SOCIOLOGY

05 Is a field of study dealing with the systematic study of patterns of

human interactions.

PSYCHOLOGY

06 Deals with the nature of human behaviors, and both internal and
external factors that affect these behaviors.

LINGUISTICS

07 Is a field of knowledge involving the scientific study of language

as a universal and recognizable aspect of human behavior and
capacity.
DEFINING
C U LT U R E ,
S O C I E T Y, A N D
POLITICS
CULTURE
Generally defined as the sum of an individual's
way of life, ranging from the food he or she eats,
the clothes he or she wears, and the house where
he or she lives.

It also includes both the Material and the Non-

material things that an individual possesses or
acquires.

Culture also includes fads and fashion trends,

manners and taboos as well as scientific
knowledge and technology.
SOCIETY
Defined as an organized group or groups of
interdependent people who share a common
territory, language, and culture.

The people in these groups act together for

collective survival and well-being.

Can there be culture without society?

POLITICS
Refers to the theory, art, and practice of
government.

The political institution is a relatively stable

cluster of statuses, general norms, and role
behavior which are involved in the acquisition
and exercise of power and decision-making in
society (Turner:215).

Can you give me an example of a political

institution?
IDENTITY
Is the distinctive characteristic

that defines an individual or is

shared by those belonging to a

particular group.

Identity can also change over the course of a person's lifetime.

Identities are important because they shape both individual and group
behavior as well as people's views about other people and society.
H U M A N
VARIATIONS
• Nationality

• Ethnicity

• Gender

• Religion

• Socioecomic Class

• Political Identity

• Exceptionality
01N AT I O N A L I T Y
and Citizenship...
Often times nationality and citizenship are interchanged but in
reality their differences are actually crucial.

The Nationality of a person reveals his/her place of Can a person

birth or from where he/she is. It defines the
belongingness of a person to a particular nation.
have multiple
nationalities?  How can an
Whereas, Citizenship is the legal relationship that individual
binds a person and a state. acquire
It is the status granted to an individual if he/she citizenship?
complies with the requirement of a particular country.
 Jus Sanguinis

01
Citizenship is conferred by birth to a parent who is
already a citizen of a particular country.

Jus Soli

ACQUIRING 02 A person's citizenship is determined by the place

where the person was born.

CITIZENSHIP Naturalization

03
The process of legally adopting a foreigner and
giving the same benefits as those of native-born
citizens.

Marriage

04 Acquiring citizenship through marital ceremonies.

03
03

Is the expression of the set of cultural

02
ideas held by a distinct ethnic or
indigenous group.

ETHNICITY An ethnic group refers to people who

collectively and publicly identify
themselves as distinct and unique based
on distinguishable cultural features.
 NATIONALITY ETHNICITY
• means one's country of • refers to racial ancestry
origin
• can be termed as the • can be defined as a group
relationship between a of people who are united
person and his/her state of by common traditional,
origin cultural, linguistic,
ritualistic, behavioral and
religious traits.

• can be termed as a legal • can be termed as cultural

concept concept
• causes patriotism • only creates thoughts of
racism
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EIGHT MAJOR
Tagalog - 28.1 %
ETHNO- Cebuano - 13.1 %

LINGUISTIC Ilocano - 9%
Bisaya - 7.6 %
GROUPS Ilonggo - 7.5 %

Bicol - 6%
2000 Census of the NSO Waray -  3.4 %
Others - 25.3 %
03
GENDER SEX
SO.GI.E.EC
GENDER
refers to socially constructed roles,
behaviors, activities, and attributes that a
given society considers appropriate for men
and women.

SEX
refers to biological characteristic of
human such as male or female.
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 Types of Gender
HETEROSEXUAL
a person who is inclined to be sexually
attracted to a person of the opposite sex.
HOMOSEXUAL
a person who is inclined to be sexually
attracted to a person of the same sex.

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GAY
a male who is romantically and sexually attracted to
another male
LESBIAN
a female who is romantically and sexually attracted to
another female
BISEXUAL
individiuals who are attracted to both sexes (male and
female)
ASEXUAL
those who are incapable of being attracted to any sex

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POLYSEXUAL
individuals who are attracted to multiple types of gender
PANSEXUAL
who accommodate all types of gender
INTERSEX
people whose biology does not fit the typical definition of
male or female; born with variation of chromosomes.
QUEER
individuals who may identify with two or more genders or
having no gender or moving between genders.

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QUEER
in terms of sexual orientation, they may not identify either
heterosexual or homosexual; the umbrella of all gender
identities.
Philia (abnormal love)
OBJECT SEXUALITY/OBJECTOPHILIA
individuals who develop deep emotion and/or romantic
attachments to (and have relationships with) specific
inanimate objects or structures.
ZOOPHILIA
sexual attraction of a human toward a nonhuman animal.

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 TRANSGENDER TRANSEXUAL
• their sexual orientation is • under transgender
not related to their
genetalia

• umbrella term that includes • medical sexual

people whose gender reassignment
identity or expression does • hormone therapy
not match their assigned
birth sex.

• ex: Drag Queen and Drag

King (crossdressers)

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 04
RELIGION
Refers to an organized system of beliefs and ideas about the
spiritual sphere or the supernatural.

FORMS OF RELIGION

• Monotheism
• Polytheism
• Animism
• Atheism
• Agnosticism
 Non-religious
12%

Other
Primal Indigenous 2.6% Christianity
2.5% 31%

Chinese Traditional
5.6%

Graphical distribution of the

Buddhism world's population and its
7.3% religious affiliations.

Hinduism
15.2%
Islam
source: media.ibsworld.com
23.8%
05
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
Socioeconomic status refers to the category of persons who have more or less the
same socioeconomic privileges in a society.

These privileges are due to inherited wealth and/or occupational status of the
breadwinner in the household.
 01 UPPER CLASS
• New Rich (Nouveau)
• Traditional Upper Class

SOCIAL
CLASSES 02 MIDDLE CLASS
• Small business and industry operators

IN THE
• Managers, professionals, office workers and
farm owners.
• OFWs
PHILIPPINES
CATEGORY I
03 LOWER CLASS
• Farm employees, skilled and unskilled
artisans, service workers
• Unemployed or underemployed
• Indigent families or informal sectors
SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS

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SOCIAL CLASSES
IN THE PHILIPPINES: CATEGORY II
source: Social Weather Stations 2011

A 1% 2M
Population

B
C 9% 600K
D 60% 200K
30% 62K
E Population Ave. Annual Income
Resources
06POLITICAL IDENTITY
Set of attitudes and practices that an individual adheres to in
relation to the political systems and actors within his or her
society.

An individual can acquire political identity by subscribing to a

political belief such as communism, democracy, or socialism.
• The first Philippine political party,
established in 1900, was the Federal
Party, which advocated peace and
eventual statehood.
• Another examples:
Ladlad - a party that negotiates for the
welfare of LGBTQI community
Kabataan - a party that promotes youth
empowerment
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07
EXCEPTIONALITY
The concept of exceptionality leans on the non-average capacity of an individual.
This could be understood in a spectrum of capabilities

GENIUSES/GIFTS DISABILITIES
Having exceptional talent or natural ability. The loss or limitation of opportunities to
take part in
society on an equal level with others due to
Exceptional intellectual or creative 
social
power or other natural ability.
and environmental barriers.
Essential
Identities are not fixed.

Understanding Identities shape the behavior of a person or a

group.

Human identities are varied due to the

variance in their environment and culture.

Human differences are a social fact that must

be understoond and accepted.
THAT'S A WRAP!
Thank you and keep posted!
DAGHANG SALAMAT :)

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