Department of Textile Engineering

2nd year, 2nd semester

A presentation going on Batch/Discontinuous Bleaching process of Knit and Oven Fabric.

Presentation submitted to: Salma Katun Sela

Lecturer,
Department of Textile Engineering

Presentation submitted by: 1. Nazmin Nahar Nishe-182202

2.Sm Mahiuddin Rasel -182206
 Batch/Discontinuous Bleaching (Kier Boiling)

Bleaching:
Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product which is used industrially and
domestically to remove color from a fabric or fiber or to clean or to remove stains in a process
called bleaching.

Bleaching objectives: 
The principal aim of Bleaching is to remove textile material impurities. Some other objectives
are;
• In order to make the material extremely hydrophilic.
• To considerably absorb textile products without suffering chemical or physical harm.
• A neat material is generated by adding alkaline.
• For cotton removal of non-cellulosic material.
• In order to make the textile material prepared for subsequent process.
Method of Bleaching:
Bleaching may be done separately or in conjunction with other treatments (usually bleaching
or de-sizing) in all types of substrates;
• Woven fabric (sized or de-sized).
• Knitted fabric.
• Yarn.

Types of Bleaching:

1. Batch process/Discontinuous process.

(by Kier Boiling/Jigger/Winch dyeing machine)

2. Continuous process.
(by J-Box machine)
Kier boiling:
Kier boiling is a bleaching process for cotton and linen in which the fibers are
treated for removal of impurities by boiling with a 1% solution of caustic soda. Its main
purpose is to remove most of the natural impurities such as wax, wood fragments and oil
stains.
Kier capacity: 
200 kg – 5000 kg but industrially 2000 kg kiering is very popular.

Standard recipe:

SL. No. Parameter Amount

1 M:L ratio
2 Caustic Soda
3 Soda ash
4 Wetting agent
5 Sequestering agent
6 Temperature
1:100
0.5 – 2.4 g/L, 50 – 240 gm
0.5 – 1g/L, 50 – 100 gm
0.5 – 1g/L, 50 – 100 gm
0.5 – 1g/L, 50 – 100 gm
100-120ºC
Pre-caution:
1. Kier should be clean.
2. Material should be packed evenly.
3. No air pocket should be formed.
4. The fabric should be immersed in liquor completely.
5. After boiling the liquor should be removed in absence of water.
6. Before starting, all the joining parts should be checked.
7. The joint parts should be leak proof.
8. Before bleaching, the fabric should be starch free.
Keir Boiling Process:
Working procedure of kier boiling:
1. Kier boiler is provided two tubes.
One is at the bottom and another is top.
2. There is one manhole for loading
and unloading of sample.
3. Preheater is also provided at the middle
of these two tubes.
4. The liquor is prepared into the mixing
tank by above chemicals then it brought
into the preheater and heated by the steam.
5. The fabric is loaded in the machine by
man hole and kept in rope form.
6. Then the hot liquor is pumped and sprayed
by spader plate onto the fabric which is packed into the kier.
7. The temperature of the liquor is about 100`C and boiling for 8 hrs. the excess liquor passes slowly over the
packed cloth and percolates through the false bottom of the kier.
8. Then this excess liquor is collect at the bottom of the kier and pumped into the auxiliary heater by a
centrifugal pump and this cycle is repeat.
9. Below the false bottom the liquor is free from the oxygen of air.
10. After bleaching, the fabric is washed with 80´C water otherwise impurities on the fabric would not be
removed.
11. Then the fabric is neutralizing with 0.1%-0.055 acetic acid. And then cold wash.
Characteristics of kier boiler:
• Heating is done by using high pressure steam, generated in an independent
boiler instead of heating by direct boiler.
• Iron and steel take the place of wood as the material of construction of kier.
• Improvement in the handling of the goods by the use of automatic pilling
device.
• Improvement of the circulation of kier liquor through the material by the use of
powerful pump.
• Use of high pressure kier shorten the duration of boiling off and hence saves the
cost of the steam, power etc.
Advantages of kier boiling process:
• Material scoured well.
• Remove most of the natural color and another adventitious.

Disadvantages of kier boiling process:

• Failure of pressure gauge, boiler may be burst.

Thanks