matter and energy

describing matter and energy

matter and energy

 matter: anything that has mass and

takes up space
 energy: ability to do work or cause
change
 energy is used anytime a change in
matter occurs
properties of matter

 property: characteristic
 two kinds
 physical properties
 chemical properties

physical and chemical properties are

used to identify, describe, and
classify matter
 physical properties
 observed without changing the
substance into something else
 examples
 Color
 Density
 Shape
 Boiling Point
 Mass, etc
 can be classified into:
 extensive property-observes the
amount, size & shape of matter
 Intensive property – is the
innate/inherent characteristics of matter
ex. Density, boiling pt, melting pt. etc.
chemical properties
 observed only when
substance is changed
and interacts with
another substance
 examples
 flammability: able to
burn
 rusting: combining
with oxygen to form
rust
 Reactivity of
substances
physical and chemical
properties
 Name three
physical properties
of a candle?
 Name an example
of a chemical
property of a
candle?
Map it! Classification of matter
 Classification of matter
Pure substance /substance
-composed of only one kind of
matter
Can be classified as
elements
Compounds

Mixtures composed of two or

more kinds of matter
Can be classified as
Homogenous
Heterogenous
elements
 substances that cannot
be broken down into
other substances
chemically or
physically
 Can be represented by
chemical symbol
 examples
 sodium
 oxygen
 carbon
 aluminum
compounds
 substances made of two
or more elements
combined chemically
 compounds have
properties different
from those of the
original elements
 Can be represented by
chemical formula

 examples
 water: hydrogen and
oxygen ( H2O )
 salt: sodium and
chlorine ( NaCl)
Mixtures  combination of two or more
substances that are not
chemically combined
 Homogeneous – properties
are uniform throughout ex.
Soft drink, wine, rubbing
alcohol
 Heterogeneous – two or
phases can be seen ,
properties are non uniform
 examples
 Salad, frosted cake,
Classification of Elements
 Metals
 Metals are lustrous (shiny), malleable (can
be hammered), ductile (can be formed into
thin wires), high melting point, all are solids
except mercury (liquid), high densities and
are good conductors of heat and electricity.
 Located on the left side of the periodic table

 Examples: sodium, potassium, gold,

aluminum
 Nonmetals
 The non-metals are poor conductors of
heat and electricity.
 Solid non-metals are brittle and lack
metallic luster or dull, non ductile.
 Exists as solid, liquid and gas

 Located on the right side of the periodic

table
 Examples: carbon, iodine, chlorine gas,
helium, neon
 Semimetals/metalloids
 Elements that have some properties of metals and
some properties of non-metals are called metalloids.
 Silicon and germanium are examples of metalloids.

 The boiling points, melting points, and densities of

metalloids vary.
 These make good semiconductors.

 These are located along the diagonal line between

the metals and nonmetals in the periodic table
 Classification of compounds
 Organic compounds – compounds
containing carbon and hydrogen.
 Some are not soluble in water, poor
conductor of electricity, low melting point
and boiling point, flammable
 Majority can be found in living things

 Examples: sugar, alcohol, petroleum

products ( used as fuel)
 Inorganic compounds
 Inorganic compounds are compounds that
do not contain carbon-hydrogen or
compounds aside from carbon
 Are soluble in water, can conduct electricity

 Are nonflammable, some have high melting

points
 Majority can be found in non living things

 Ex. Salts, sodium hydroxide, potassium

chloride
 Changes in matter: physical change
 alters form or appearance of
material, but does not change
material into brand new
substance
 examples
 chopping wood
 bending wire
 molding clay
 phase changes
chemical change
 produces new
substances
 examples
 wood burning
 sour milk
energy
 many forms
 mechanical
 thermal
 electromagnetic
 electrical
 chemical
Classify the following as physical or chemical

1. Striking a match 5. Rubber band

2. A particular type stretched
of steel is hard 6. Digestion of baked
3. Iron dissolves in potato
HCl with the 7.Developing a film
evolution of gas 8.sugar dissolves in
4. Fine steel wool water
burns in air 9. Burning of stick
10. Chewing of gum
Classify the following as pure substance or
mixture; if mixture further classify as homo
or heterogeneous
11. Tea and ice
1. Aluminum foil
2. Tap water
12. Ethyl alcohol
3. Rice grains and 13. Air
corn grains 14. Mud
4. diamond 15. sugar
5. Ink 16.chicken soup
6. Soft drink 17. Iodine
7. Copper wire 18. Wheat bread
8. Baking soda
19. Ice
9. Ice cream
20. seawater
10. Table salt
Classify the following as physical or
chemical change

1. Spoiling of milk
2. Butter turns rancid
3. Lemon juice is added to tea
4. Hot air rises over a radiator
5. An antacid decrease the acidity of
stomach
6. A wet towel dries
7. Gold metal is malleable