Assessment of

Development Control
in Surulere
A B.Tech Research Proposal
EZENWA Chukwugoziem
Matric No: 2016/4800
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
 
SUPERVISOR:
Mrs Folashade Ogunleye
 introduction
Over half of the world’s population lives in urban centres, and by 2050
this figure may rise to 70 per cent globally (UN-HABITAT, 2010)

It is predicted that, urban population in African would have increased to

742 million by 2030 from 294 million it used to be in 2000. (UN-Habitat,
2012).

In Nigerian cities urban population growth has outpaced economic

growth

. The resultants problems of this phenomenon include: inadequate and

poor housing; slum formation, haphazard development; worsening sanitary
conditions; unofficial housing; violence; social disorders; (Central Bank of
Nigeria (CBN), 2009; Abu, 2015; Kadiri et al, 2019)

In order to address or prevent the aforementioned unauthorized

developments, development has been deployed by urban authorities
through development control unit of the authorized government planning
agencies at different levels.
 introduction (Contd)

Nonetheless, the efficacy of development control has been

questioned as the city authorities, urban planners, urban
managers, and other stakeholders have failed to effectively deal
with the aftermath of the rapid urbanization process

It is imperative, therefore, to examine the effectiveness of

development control as well as challenges and prospect of
this planning tool in our urban centres

This is the focus of this study with Surulere Local

Government Area of Lagos State as a focal area.
 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH
Statement PROBLEM
of the Problem
 Environmental degradation and pollution, haphazard
housing and informal settlement development,
insecure land tenure, land shortage, deteriorating
Deplorable living conditions as well as the proliferation of
State of deprived neighborhoods such as slums and squatter
Nigerian settlements
Environment
 All these negativities justify the importance of
development control to the health our cities.

• The inability of development control to achieve desire results

has aroused the research attention of many scholars in the
field of Urban and Regional Planning
Need for
Further • Odekunle et al, 2019, Aluko, 2011, Ogundele et al, 2011,
Studies Olujimi, 2009, Olajuyin and Olayiwola, 1985

 There is still dearth of studies in this planning area.

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 Research Questions
What is the legal and institutional capacity of development
control department in Surulere Local Government Area?

What is the modus operandi of development control

department in the study area?

Are residents aware of physical planning standards and

regulation in the study area?

What is the level of compliance of residents with planning

regulations in the study area?

What are the problems faced by residents and the authorities

in carrying out development control?
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 Aim of the Study

• The aim of this study is to examine the

effectiveness, problem, challenges and
prospects of development control practice in
Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos
state, with a view to suggest measures to
improve development control practices in
the study area. 6
 Objectives of the Study
• Examine the existing planning framework in the study area;

• appraise development control practices in the study area;

• asses the level of awareness and compliance with development

control regulations among residents;

• investigate the problem and challenges of development control in

the study area.

Hypotheses
There is no relationship between residents’ level of
awareness and their compliance with development
control regulation  7
The Study Surulere Local Government Area
Area
of Lagos
• It is a residential and commercial centre located on
the on the mainland of Lagos in Lagos state, Nigeria.
• It lies on 60 21’N and 6o 34’N and longitudes 3o 01’E
and 30 27’E
• It has an area coverage of 23 km2 (8.9 sq mi).
• According to the 2006 census, the study area had
503,975 inhabitants,
• It has a population density of 21,864 inhabitants per
square kilometer.

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 Justification for the Study
 The findings in this study will help contribute to good
management practice in the development control
department.
 The findings will create awareness of stakeholders on the
current state of physical developments and their effect on
the urban environment and people and consequently
enhance their compliance with the development control
regulations
 This study will contribute to knowledge by discovering
new challenges stakeholders faces in controlling and
housing development in urban centers in growing cities
and also serves as a reference material for future
research.
 Moreover, the study will extend literature and broaden
the frontiers of knowledge in development control and
serve as input into related works in future. 10
 Conceptual Framework
The regulation of the detailed aspect of development
about which precise guidance cannot be given by the
development plan to ensure convenience and
Concept of conducive results (Olajuyin and Olayiwola, 1985)

Development collection of interrelated Para-legal and administrative

Control techniques and instrument designed to safeguard,
regulate, conserve and disburse land or part thereof
in the interest of the overall community (Agbola,
1988)

the control of the use of land, character, appearance

and arrangement of buildings and facilities to ensure
economy, convenience, aesthetics and functionality
(Onokerhoraye and Omuta, 1985)

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 Ecological Model
Theorectical
Issues

Review of  Origin of Urbanisation

Literature  Historical Perspective of
Development Control in Nigeria
 Studies on Development Control
in Nigeria
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 Methodology

• This study is both descriptive and

Research analytical in nature.
Design: • However, it adopts inferential
approach.
Descriptive • Inferential approach, otherwise
and known as survey research is a
Analytical research approach where a sample
of population is studied (questioned
or observed) to determine its
characteristics, and it is then
inferred that the population has the
same characteristics.
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 Methodology (Contd)
Primary Data
 the existing planning framework in the study
Types and area; (to be sourced from selected officers of the
planning agency)
sources of  the level of awareness and compliance with
Data development control regulations among
residents; (to be sourced from residents)
 impact of development control activities on
physical development of the study area; (to be
sourced from residents).
the problem and challenges of development
control in the study area 9to be sourced form
development control planning officers)
Secondary Data
 the development control practices in the study
area; (to be obtained as secondary source from
planning office)
 Methodology (Cont’d)

 Structured Questionnaire
 Level of awareness of development control and the
impact of development control practices on physical
development of their area.
 Problem and challenges of Development control
practices

Instruments of Structured Interview

Data Collection  Existing planning framework in the study area

Structure Observation
 activities carried out by individuals, households and
corporate institutions that have bearing on
development control

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 Methodology (cont’d)

Method of Data Collection

•• The
  study will be carried out in the four areas of Surulere Local
government namely Ijesha-tedo, Aguda, Itire and Cooker.
• The number of existing houses shall be captured and counted using
Google earth image at 2018 Digital Globe.
• The total number of houses obtained shall be treated as sampling frame.
• The sample size shall be determined by Taro Yamane’s formula for
determining sample size.

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 Methodology (cont’d)
 Descriptive statistics such as frequency count,
media, mean and cross tabulation: compliance with
development control regulations and the impact of
development control activities on physical
development.
 The level of awareness of residents shall be
analysed using Development Control Awareness
Index (DCAI).
 Development Control Awareness Index (DCAI).=
Techniques Of (5n5+4n4+3n3+2n2+1n1) /5N
Data Analysis  n1 is the number of criteria with “Not aware at all”
 n2 is the number of criteria with “Not aware”
Descriptive  n3 is the number with aware”
Statitics  n4 is the number with “very aware”
 n5 is the number of criteria with “very much
aware”
 N is the total number of questionnaires filled and
collected
 Methodology (cont’d)

Regression analysis shall

be conducted to
Techniques examine the relationship
Of Data between residents’ level
Analysis of awareness and their
compliance with
Inferential development control
Statistics

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 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
The Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Respondents

The gender analysis of respondents indicated that there were

more male respondents (82%).

Analysis of age group shows that more than half (54%) of the
respondents are within age bracket of 20-40.

Analysis of the education levels of respondents show that

almost half (41.3%) of respondents had secondary education.

The religion affiliation of the respondents shows that 67% of

the respondents are Christians while 33% are Muslims.

Analysis of occupation structure indicated that Trader

constitute more than one third of respondents (34.7%).
 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
The Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Respondents

The analysis of respondents’ monthly income shows that more

than half of the respondents (55%) were medium income
earners.

Analysis of occupation structure indicated that Trader

constitute more than one third of respondents (34.7%).

 Analysis of the length of stay in the study area shows that

more than half of the residents (51.7%) had lived more than
20 years in the study area.

 The analysis of building types in the study area shows that

block of flats (45.2%) is the predominant housing types in the
study area.
The Physical Planning Framework in the Study Area.

Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban

Development.

Lagos State Lagos State

Lagos Building
Physical Urban
Control Agency
Planning Permit Renewal
(LASBCA)
Authority Agency
monitors and
(LASPPPA) enforces building (LASURA)
processes and control renews and
issues planning regulations upgrades urban
permits slum.
Development control Practices in the Study Area
LASPPPA Planning Approval process

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 Development control Practices (cont’d)
Compliance with Development Control Regulations
 About one third (33%) of the respondents confirmed that they
have title to land while more than half (56%) have submitted
documents for title processing with the Land Record Bureau.
 Overwhelming proportion (69.2%) have planning permit for their
houses. While about 24% indicated that they do not possess
planning permit for their buildings.
 overwhelming majority (89%) of the respondents confirmed that
they have seen the officials of LABSCA inspecting housing
construction in their neighborhood.
 majority of respondents (95%) attested to the issuance of stop
work order in the study area. However, about 5% of the
respondents opined they have not seen such exercises in their
area.
 overwhelming as about 92% of respondents confirmed the pro-
 Development control Practices (cont’d)
Residents’ Awareness of Development Control Regulations
 The results of the evaluation of residents’ awareness of
development control regulations shows that the highest
weighted mean was 4.64, the lowest was 2.63. The Mean
Awareness Index (MAI) which describes the overall awareness
of residents on development control regulation was 3.54.

 The highest awareness indicator was Developers are required to

obtain a building plan approval/permit from LASPPPA while the
lowest awareness indicator was Planning Agencies have power
to enter any premise for the purpose of ascertaining compliance.

 The Mean Awareness Index (MAI) of 3.54 is an indicator that in

the overall, residents Surulere Local Government Area show a
very high awareness level of development control regulation.
CHALLENGES OF Development control Practices

 The fund allocated to development

control agencies such as LASPPPA and
Poor Funding LASBCA is grossly insufficient to tackle
physical development challenges

 Development control is professional

practice of guiding development but the
Insufficient
practice is hindered for inadequate
Professionals
professionally qualified personnel

 There are several reports of assault on

Assault of officials of LASBCA who are on their
Physical Planning
legitimate duty
Officials
CHALLENGES OF Development control Practices
 lack of planning tools, such as up-to-date
base maps for settlements and regions as
Lack/Insufficient
well as insufficient vehicles for effective
Planning Tools
monitoring of development

 Uncontrolled urban growth have

Uncontrolled overstretched the institutional capacity to
Population ensure effective development control
Growth regulation in the study area.

 bad/poor attitude of the public or

Inadequate aversion to change is one of the major
Public constraint to effective development
Enlightenment control in the Study area.
 recommendations
 Physical planning should be given top priority in budgetary
allocation and fund disbursement.

 The Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development should

be adequately equipped with cutting-edge technology to meet
the physical development problems of the twenty-first century

 The government should provide maximum security for the

development control officials on duty forestall attack on them

 government should recruit more professionally qualified staff in

the relevant agencies even while retraining of the existing ones.

 Aggressive public enlightenment should to be carried out to

educate the general public on issues pertaining to physical
development
 THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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