18EI016 – INSTRUMENTATION IN

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION- PETROLEUM

EXPLORATION

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PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

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Exploration- Finding Oil & Gas

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Exploration- Finding Oil & Gas- Cont’d
Semi-
submersible Rig
Jack up Rig Drill

Ship

Sea Bed

Water Level

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Exploration- Exploratory Drilling

Drill Bit

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Oil & Gas Production
•Oil companies have to drill many exploratory wells before
discovering a potential oil filed which is also called as prospect.

•Hydrocarbons discovered by the initial exploration wells are

further confirmed by appraisal drilling i.e. drilling more wells in
the area

•Enormous thought goes into the best way of extracting the

hydrocarbons, attempting to recover the maximum quantities of oil
and gas in the safest conditions

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Oil & Gas Production- Cont’d

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Oil & Gas Production- Development

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Transportation

The FPSO is usually a de-

commissioned oil tanker which has
been stripped down and equipped
with facilities to process and stabilize
the crude oil and enable it to be
connected to another oil tanker or
transport tanker. Oil is processed and
accumulated in the FPSO until there is
sufficient to fill a transport tanker, at
which point the transport tanker
connects to the stern to the stern or
bow of the FPSO and offloads the oil.

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Transportation- Cont’d
Many factors determine the choice
of one mode of transport over
another like cost, distance, volume,
accessibility, time and availability.

However in majority of the cases

Maritime (large oil tankers) and
Pipelines are the most preferred
means of transport. Let’s learn a
little more about them

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Oil Transportation-Pipelines

Pipeline shown in the picture

is Trans Alaska Pipeline
System (TAPS). 800 mile
long, it’s one of the of the
largest pipeline systems in
the world. It’s also the most
photographed pipeline as it,
unlike most pipelines, has
significant portions of the
system above ground.

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Gas Transportation
The most usual method of transportation is
therefore by gas pipelines. These gas
pipelines are not visible: for reasons of
safety and security they are buried
underground. The compressed gas
circulates at high speed in a gas pipeline,
with the aid of compression plants
positioned at regular intervals along the
network.

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 Transportation & Storage-Safety Aspects

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