NORTH WESTERN UNIVERSITY KHULNA

PRESENTATION

 NAME : Rahnuma Amin Rumi

 Id no : 20201086010
 Corse code :1321
 Course tittle : EEE
 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT : An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements.
 CHARGE: Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists
,measured in coulombs(c).
 Mathematically, the relationship between current I, charge q, and time t is
i= dq/dt
1ampere = 1 coulomb/second

 DIRECT CURRENT: A direct current (dc) is a current that remains constant with time.
 ALTERNATING CURRENT : An alternating current (ac) is a current that varies sinusoidally with time
.
VOLTAGE : Voltage is the energy required to move a unit charge through an element ,
measured in volts(v).
POWER : Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy ,
measured in watts(W).

p= dw/dt
or,
p=vi
Passive sign convention is satisfied when the current enters through the
positive terminal of an element and p= +vi. If the current enters through the
negative terminal, p= -vi.

+positive absorbed = - power supplied

ENERGY : Energy is the capacity to do work, measured in jules(J).
1Wh = 3,600 J
 INDEPENDENT SOURCE : An independent source is an active element
that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely
independent of other circuit elements
 DEPENDENT SOURCE : A dependent source is an active element in
which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or
current.

there are four possible types of dependent sources, namely:

 1. A voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS).
 2. A current-controlled voltage source (CCVS).
 3. A voltage-controlled current source (VCCS).
 4. A current-controlled current source (CCCS).
 OHM’S LAW: Ohm’s law states that voltage v across a resistor is directly
proportional to the current i flowing through the resistor.
 that is ,
 v∝i
 v=iR
 RESISTANCE : The resistance R of an element denotes its ability to resist
the flow of electric current ; it is measured in ohms (Ω).
 R=v/I
 1Ω = 1 V/A
 SHORT CIRCUIT : A short circuit element with resistance approaching zero.
 V= iR=0
 OPEN CIRCUIT : An open circuit is a circuit element with resistance
approaching infinity.
 i =limRS (v/R)=0
 CONDUCTANCE : Conductance is the ability of an element
to conduct electric current;
 it is measured in mhos (℧) or siemens (S).

 G=1/R= i/v
 i = Gv
 p= vi =i²R = V²r
 p= vi = v²G =i²/G
 BRANCH :A branch represents a single element
such as a voltage source or a resistor.
 NODE: A node is the point of connection
between two or more branches.
 LOOP : A loop is any closed path in a circuit.
 KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS

 Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states that the

algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a
closed boundary) is zero.
 Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the
algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed
path (or loop) is zero.
 Current flows from a higher potential to a lower potential in a resistor
 Nodal analysis of Kirchhoff’s current law at the non reference nodes. (It is applicable to both
planar and non planar circuits.) We express the result in terms of the node voltages. Solving the
simultaneous equations yields the node voltages.

 SUPER NODE : A super node is formed by enclosing a (dependent or independent) voltage source
connected between two non reference nodes and any elements connected in parallel with it.
 MESH : Mesh analysis is the application of Kirchhoff’s voltage law around meshes in a planar
circuit. We express the result in terms of mesh currents. Solving the simultaneous equations
yields the mesh currents.
 SUPERMESH : A super mesh results when two meshes have a (dependent or independent) current
source in common.
 Note the following properties of a super mesh:

 1.The current source in the super mesh provides the constraint equation necessary to solve for
the mesh currents.
 2. A super mesh has no current of its own.
 3. A super mesh requires the application of both KVL and KCL.
THANK YOU