DRUGS AND

DRUG
ADDICT ON

BY: ABELA, REX A.

MONTE, LYKA ALYSSA MAE N.
 OBJECTIVES:
AT THE END OF THE LESSON THE STUDENTS MUST BE
ABLE TO:
•Elucidate clear background information on drug addiction itself
•Provide the types of drugs that contribute to society's drug addiction
problem
•Identify the causes and effects of drug addiction in physiological
aspect
WHAT IS
A DRUG?
A DRUG IS A MEDICINE OR
OTHER SUBSTANCE WHICH HAS
A PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT
WHEN INGESTED OR
OTHERWISE INTRODUCED INTO
THE BODY.
 DRUGS CLASSIFICATIONS
LEGAL SUBSTANCES ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES
• CAN BE BOUGHT OVER- • FORBIDDEN BY LAW
THE-COUNTER OR WITH • AREN'T SUBJECT TO
PRESCRIPTION FROM A QUALITY CONTROL
MEDICAL DOCTOR • POSSESS AN
(e.g., ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, INCONSISTENT AMOUNT
AND CAFFEINE) OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

NOTE THAT SOME OTHER DRUGS ARE LEGAL IN SOME SITUATIONS BUT ILLEGAL WHEN ABUSED
THE MAIN CATEGORIES OF
DRUGS
• STIMULANTS
• DEPRESSANTS
• PAINKILLERS
• HALLUCINOGENS
• PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING AND POSSESS EUPHORIC STIMULANTS
EFFECTS
• REFERRED TO AS "UPPERS"
• ADDICTIVE
• REPEATED USE CAN CAUSE PSYCHOSIS AND PARANOIA,
WHICH MAY BE DIAGNOSED AS SCHIZOPHRENIA

EXAMPLES:
NICOTINE
METHAMPHETAMINE (SHABU)
CAFFEINE
COCAINE AMPHETAMINE
METH
CRACK
• SOMETIMES CALLED "DOWNERS" FOR THESE SLOW DOWN THE
ACTIVITY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (THE BRAIN AND SPINAL
DEPRESSANTS
CORD) (SEDATIVES)
• DANGEROUS AT HIGH DOSES; CAUSES VOMITING AND EVEN DEATH
• WILL MAKE YOU FEEL RELAXED AND MELLOW (e.g., ALCOHOL,
CANNABIS/MARIJUANA, HEROIN, INHALANTS)

TYPES OF DEPRESSANTS:
"MAJOR TRANQUILIZERS" OR "ANTI-PSYCHOTIC" ARE USED TO REDUCE ANXIETY,
FEAR, TENSION, AGITATION, AND RELATED STATES OF MENTAL DISTURBANCE.

BENZODIAZEPHINES (BENZOS) ARE DRUGS USED TO RELIEVE ANXIETY AND INSOMNIA.

THESE CAN ALSO BE USED TO RELAX MUSCLES AND PREVENT SEIZURES

BARBITURATES CAUSE A DECREASE IN BRAIN ACTIVITY. USED TO TREAT INSOMNIA,

SEIZURES, CONVULSIONS, AND RELIEVE ANXIETY AND TENSION BEFORE SURGERY
 • NATURALLY FOUND IN THE OPIUM POPPY PLANT
OPIUM-RELATED • PRODUCE A VARIETY OF EFFECTS (e.g., PAIN RELIEF)
• SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS NARCOTICS
PAINKILLERS • CAN MAKE SOME PEOPLE FEEL RELAXED, HAPPY OR "HIGH"
• ADDITIONAL EFFECTS: SLOWED BRAETHING, CONSTIPATION,
(OPIOIDS) NAUSEA

COMMONLY USED OPIOIDS:

PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS
CAN BE PRESCRIBED BY DOCTORS TO TREAT MODERATE TO SEVERE PAIN BUT CAN
ALSO HAVE SERIOUS RISKS AND EFFECTS.
(e.g., Oxycodone (OxyContin), Hydrocodone (Vicodin), Morphine, and Methadone)

FENTANYL
• SYNTHETIC OPIOID PAIN RELIEVER
• MORE POWERFUL THAN OTHER OPIOIDS
• APPROVED FOR TREATING SEVERE PAIN (ADVANCED CANCER PAIN)
HEROIN
ILLEGAL OPIOID
HALLUCINOGENS
• ALTER A PERSON'S AWARENESS OF THEIR SURROUNDINGS AS
WELL AS THEIR OWN THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS
• DIVIDED INTO TWO TYPES (CLASSIC HALLUCINOGENS AND
DISSOCIATIVE DRUGS)
• CLASSIC HALLUCINOGENS ONLY CAUSE VISUAL, AUDITORY,
AND SENSORY HALLUCINATIONS
• DISSOCIATIVE DRUGS WILL CAUSE A SENSE OF DETACHMENT
FROM THE BODY ALONG WITH VISUAL, AUDITORY, AND
SENSORY HALLUCINATIONS
EXAMPLES:
LSD
PSILOCYBIN
PEYOTE
METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION
• INJECTING
• SMOKING
• INHALING
• SNORTING
• SWALLOWING
 WHAT IS
ADDICTION?
ADDICTION IS A STRONG AND
HARMFUL NEED TO REGULARLY
HAVE SOMETHING (SUCH AS DRUG)
OR DO SOMETHING (SUCH AS
GAMBLE)
 DRUG ADDICTION OR
DRUG SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER, IS
A BRAIN DISEASE, MAKING IT
ADDICTION DIFFICULT TO STOP TAKING
DRUGS, EVEN IF YOU WANT TO
WHY DO SOME PEOPLE BECOME
ADDICTED TO DRUGS WHILE
OTHERS DON'T?
RISK FACTORS:
• BIOLOGY
• ENVIRONMENT
• AGE
WHY DO PEOPLE TAKE
DRUGS?
PEOPLE MAY BEGIN USING DRUGS FOR SEVERAL
REASONS. THEY MAY:

• ENJOY THE PLEASURABLE EXPERIENCE

• WANT TO CHANGE OR BLUNT THEIR
FEELINGS
• WANT TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE AT
WORK, SCHOOL, OR ATHLETICS
• BE CURIOUS OR GIVE IN TO PEER PRESSURE
SYMPTOMS • BLOODSHOT EYES AND LOOKING TIRED
• CHANGES IN APPETITE, USUALLY EATING LESS
OF • CHANGES IN PHYSICAL APPEARANCE, SUCH AS HAVING A
POOR COMPLEXION OR LOOKING UNGROOMED
SUBSTANCE • CRAVING DRUGS
USE • DIFFICULTY COMPLETING TASKS AT WORK, SCHOOL, OR HOME
• ENGAGING IN RISKY BEHAVIORS, DESPITE KNOWING
DISORDER NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES (SUCH AS DRIVING WHILE
IMPAIRED OR HAVING UNPROTECTED SEX)
• INABILITY TO REDUCE OR CONTROL DRUG USE
• ISSUES WITH MONEY
• WEIGHT LOSS
TREATMENTS DETOXIFICATION:
YOU STOP TAKING DRUGS, ALLOWING THE
DRUGS TO LEAVE THE BODY. YOU MAY NEED
HEALTHCARE SUPERVISION TO DETOX SAFELY

MEDICATION-ASSISTED THERAPIES:
DURING DETOX, MEDICINE CAN HELP
CONTROL CRAVINGS AND RELIEVE
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES:
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY OR OTHER
PSYCHOTHERAPY (TALK THERAPY) CAN HELP
DEAL WITH ADDICTION'S CAUSE. THERAPY
ALSO HELPS BUILD SELF-ESTEEM AND
TEACHES HEALTHY COPING MECHANISMS
 RELAPSE
IS THE RETURN TO DRUG USE AFTER AN
ATTEMPT TO STOP. RELAPSE INDICATES THE
NEED FOR MORE OR DIFFERENT TREATMENT
WHAT HAPPENS TO A BRAIN
WHEN A PERSON TAKES
DRUGS?
 • MOST DRUGS AFFECT THE BRAIN'S "REWARD CIRCUIT" CAUSING
EUPHORIA AS WELL AS FLOODING IT WITH THE CHEMICAL
MESSENGER DOPAMINE

LONG-TERM USE ALSO CAUSES CHANGES IN OTHER BRAIN CHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND
CIRCUITS AS WELL, AFFECTING FUNCTIONS THAT INCLUDE:
• LEARNING
• JUDGMENT
• DECISION-MAKING
• STRESS
• MEMORY
• BEHAVIOR
THE OPPOSITE OF ADDICTION
IS CONNECTION
- JOHANN HARI
SOURCES:
U. (2020, August 24). The Difference Between an Illegal and a Controlled Substance. Foundations Recovery Network.
https://www.foundationsrecoverynetwork.com/the-difference-between-an-illegal-and-a-controlled-substance/

Types of recreational drug. (2016, November). Mind, the Mental Health Charity - Help for Mental Health Problems.
https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/drugs-recreational-drugs-alcohol/types-of-
recreational-drug/

Benzodiazepine. (n.d.). In NCI’s Cancer Terms. Retrieved September 27, 2021, from
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/benzodiazepine

Barbiturate. (n.d.). In NCI’s Cancer Terms. Retrieved September 27, 2021, from
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/barbiturate

Opioids. (2021, September 23). National Institute on Drug Abuse.

https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/opioids#:%7E:text=Opioids%20are%20a%20class%20of,%2C%20morphine%2C
%20and%20many%20others
.
SOURCES:

Hallucinogens DrugFacts. (2021, June 30). National Institute on Drug Abuse.  

https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/hallucinogens

NIDA. 2020, April 9. What Are Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs?. Retrieved from 
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/hallucinogens-dissociative-drugs/what-are-hallucinogens
 on 2021, September 26

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Addiction. In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved September 26, 2021, from 

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/addiction

 Cleveland Clinic. (2020, September 3). Drug Addiction: Substance Abuse, Substance Use Disorder, Treatment. 
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16652-drug-addiction
THANK YOU
&
GOD BLESS!