Unit 2: Philippine

History
“Spanish Period”
(1521-1898)
 How and when the
Spanish period started?
The Spanish Philippines or the
Spanish colonial period (1565-1898)

-The Philippines were ruled as the Captaincy

General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies.
Expedition of
orderedMagellan
– Sept. 20, 1519, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel
an expedition to accompany Magellan on his
historic voyage to reach rich islands in Asia.

Ferdinand Magellan
Battle of Mactan
• Datu of  Mactan in the Visayas.
• He is best known for the “Battle of
Mactan” that happened at dawn on April
27, 1521.
• It showed how the Filipinos were fearless
in fighting against the foreigners who
conquered the country.
Lapu-Lapu
• Spanish colonialism began on
February 13, 1565, from Mexico.
• Spanish navigator and governor who
established the first Spanish
settlement in the East Indies
in Cebu.
Miguel López de Legazpi
 THE PHILIPPINES
WERE UNDER SPAIN
FOR THREE HUNDRED
THREE YEARS.
 Early Filipino who revolts against
Spain

Jose Rizal Emilio Aguinaldo

GomBurZa
(Three Filipino Catholic priests)
Why the Spaniards Came into the Philippines?
(3 G’s)
• Gold -meant that one of the goals of Spanish colonization was
to find gold or to otherwise get economic benefits from the
colonies.
• God -meant that one of their goals was to spread Christianity.
• Glory -stands for greater power and a larger empire.

Spanish–American War
-April 25, 1898, Spanish rule ended with Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American war.
 CULTURE
1. Languages -the language spoken during this time is Spanish and Filipino. But other Indio
(indigenous people of Philippines) also use Their dialect.
2. Music and dance -During the Spanish regime, dancing played an important part in the social
activity of the people. Among the Christianized Filipino groups, the Kumintang was the oldest
Dance and song. It was a pantomimed song and dance. The Pampango is another dance
characterized by the movements of the Lion and clapping of the hands. These dance were set aside
with the coming of the Spaniards, but were later revived as new dances. Dances such as the
Fandango, Lanceros, Rigodon, Carinosa and Curacha were introduced by the Spaniards. The Folk
Dances of today were adaptations of the old native dances. Some of the Folk Dances with Spanish
Influence are:

 
• Estudiantina -This is lively dance which originated from Unisan,
Quezon province (formerly Tayabas).During the olden days, this dance
was a favorite in social gatherings and was usually by young men and
women who were students of private school and colleges in Manila. The
boys were called Estudiantes by the barrio folks and the
girls,Estudiantas.
• Mazurka Boholana- This traditional ballroom dance was popular
in Bohol and in other provinces during the Spanish time. This
was originally performed with couples Scattered informally
about the room with no definite sequence of steps and
directions followed.
• Mazurka Mindorena- This beautiful festival dance from Mindoro
was the premiere dance of the high society of Mindoro during
the Spanish period. Don Antonio Luna, considered one Of the
best dancers of his time, was responsible for preserving and
popularizing this dance in the Province of Mindoro.
• Polka sa Nayon- This ballroom polka was popular in the province
of Batangas during town fiestas and in big social affairs.
 3. Art -Art of the Philippines is diverse. The art includes: Painting ,Dancing , Weaving ,
Pottery, Other art forms.
• Painting -This is the Spoliarium (often misspelled Spolarium) is a painting by the Filipino artist Juan
Luna. It took eight months to finish this award winning masterpiece on a greatly huge canvas
depicting dying gladiators.This painting was submitted by Luna to the Exposición Nacional de Bellas
Artes in 1884 in Madrid, where it garnered the first gold medal (out of three).
• Weaving -Philippine weaving involves many threads being measured, cut, and mounted on a
wooden platform. The threads are dyed and weaved on a loom. Before Spanish colonization, native
Filipinos weaved using fibers from abaca, pineapple, cotton, and bark cloth. textiles, clothes, rugs,
and hats were weaved. Baskets were also weaved and used as vessels of transport and storage, and
for hunting. This baskets were used to transport grain, store food, and catching fish. They also used
weaving to make just about all of the clothing that was worn. They weaved rugs that they used for
quilts and bedding. The quality of the quilt/bedding was based on how soft, how tight together, and
the clean pattern. The patterns were usually thick stripes with different colors and with a nice
pattern. However, during Spanish colonization, Filipinos used fabric called nipis to weave white
clothing. These were weaved with decorative, flower designs.
• Pottery -Traditional pot-making in certain areas of the Philippines would use clay found
near the Sibalom River. Molding the clay required the use of wooden paddles, and the clay
had to be kept away from sunlight. Native Filipinos created pottery since 3500.They used
these ceramic jars to hold the deceased.Other pottery used to hold remains of the deceased
were decorated with anthropomorphic designs.These anthropomorphic earthenware pots
date back to 5 BC. – 225 A.D and had pot covers shaped like human heads. Filipino pottery
had other uses as well. During the Neolithic period of the Philippines, pottery was made for
water vessels, plates, cups, and for many other uses.

Painting Weaving Pottery

 Way of living
• Way of living under Spanish rule was no different than the 1950s. People went
to school, went to work and lived their lives normally. Some of the indigenous
people mixed with the Spanish, some were overwhelmed by them.
• Both groups adopted Catholicism. Because of Beautiful churches, processions
and festivals attracted the natives and embraced the Christian religion in the
Philippines.
 Forms
of Literature
1. Religious Literature
2. Secular/Non-religious Literature
3. Propaganda Literature
4. Revolutionary Literature
Religious Literature
As a consequence of the long period of colonization of the Spaniards at
the Philippines, they have exerted a lifetime influence on our
literature. One of these lifetime influences is our Religious Literature.
The Philippines adopted and learned the teaching of the Christian
Doctrine that became the basis of religious practices.

1. Pasyon
2. Senakulo
3. Komedya
Religious Literature
ANG DOCTRINA
CRISTIANA

ANG MGA DALIT

KAY MARIA
 1. PASYON
• It is a retelling of the Passion of Christ.
• It is also a book that contains or tells us about the life and sufferings of Jesus
Christ. This is only read during Lent.
• There were four versions of this in Tagalog and each version has the name of
the writer. These versions are Pilapil Version made by Mariano Pilapil of
Bulacan (1814), de Belen version made by Gaspar Aquino de Belen of Bat
(1704), de la Merced version made by Aniceto de la Merced of Norzagaray
Bulacan (1856), and de Guia version made by Luis de Guia (1750).
 2. SENAKULO
• The Senakulo, which originated from the Spanish word cenaculo, is a Lenten
play that depicts events from the Old and New Testaments related to the life,
sufferings, and death of Jesus Christ.
• In the Philippines, this tradition is called Senakulo which started back in 1904
in Barrio Dayap.
• is a traditional Filipino dramatization of the life and times of Jesus Christ.
Done in singing (pasyon) and recitation, it is presented in public squares, in
many towns, in houses and streets during the season of Lent.
There are two kinds:

1. Hablada -the lines are spoken in a more

deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure
of each verse and the rhyming in each stanza and
is more dignified in theme;
2. Cantada -is chantedlike the Pasion.
 3. Komedya

• It depicts the Europeansociety through love and fame but canalso

be a narrative about a journey just like Dante Alighieri's Divine
Comedy.
• It is also considered religious because it usually depicts the battle
between the Christians and the Saracens or the Moros.
Secular/Non-religious Literature
-

1. Awit
2. Korido
Awit
• Awit is in dodecasyllabic verse.
• Awit are fabricated stories from the writer's imagination although the setting
and characters are European.
• Awit refers to chanting.
• It is the vehicle not only of the greater number of the metrical romances, but
of most of the saint-legends, novenas, and other religious works. 
• Fabricated stories but are possible to happen.
Example:
 

Florante at Laura by Francisco balagtas 

 

“Kung siya mong ibig na ako'y magdusa

Langit na mataas aking mababata
Isagi mo lamang sa puso ni Laura
Ako'y minsan-misang mapag-alala.”
 
CORRIDO
• An octosyllabic verse
• Were usually on legends or stories from European
countries like France, Spain, Italy and Greece.
• Means an extent narrative of the line and
adventures of some person.
• Refers to narration
JOSE DE LA CRUZ ( HUSENG SISIW)
• DECEMBER 21 1746- MARCH 12, 1829
Two types of komedya:

1. Secular Komedya - Performed at local

fiesta.
2. Religious Komedya - usually seen during
church celebrations and it focuses on the life
of Christ or any saint.
PROPAGANDA LITERATURE
-Propaganda literature is the written works regarding the revolt, reform and
national consciousness movement that arose among Filipinos during the
Spanish colonial period. The Propaganda literature is a set of communication
actions through books, leaflets and newspaper articles by a group of Filipinos
who called for political reforms, lasting approximately from 1880 to 1898 with
the most activity between 1880 and 1895.

• Graciano Lopez-Jaena (Ang Fray Botod)

• Marcelo H. Del Pilar (Ang Cadaquilaan ng Dios)
THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT (1872-1896)
-This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-
class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena and many
more. The objectives of this movement were to seek reforms and changes
like the following:
• To get equal treatment for the Filipinos and the Spaniards under the law.
• To make the Philippines a colony of Spain.
• To restore Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
• To Filipinize the parishes.
• To give the Filipinos freedom of speech, of the press, assembly and for
redress of grievances.
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
• Graciano López Jaena was born in Jaro,
Iloilo, in the Captaincy General of the
Philippines in the Spanish Empire on
December 18, 1856 and died on January 20,
1896
• A most notable hero and genius of the
Philippines.
• He is a known writer and orator in the
Philippines.
Graciano Lopez Jaena used a literary criticism
to tell his story. These are:
●sociological criticism
●feministcriticism
●Marxist criticism

Contribution of Graciano Lopez Jaena

●Graciano lopez Jaena is the one who gave birth to the propaganda
movement.
●his notable work "la solidaridad" and "ang fray botod"
 MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
• Pen names: Plaridel, Piping Dilat and Dolores Manapat.
• Establish works that expose the evils of the Spanish
government in the Philippines.
• To avoid banishment, he was forced to travel to Spain in 1888
where he then published different Catechism and Passion
Books which made fun of priests.
ANG CADAQUILAAN NG DIOS (THE GREATNESS
OF GOD), 1888
• published in Barcelona, Spain
• It is a catechism sarcastically aimed against the parish
priests but also contains a philosophy of the power and
intelligence of God and an appreciation and love for
nature.
 “Di kailangan, kapatid ko ang magbukas ka’t bumasa ng
First sentence:

pilosopiya o teolohiya at iba pang karunungan, upang maranasan mo

ang kadakilaan ng Diyos.”

“Dakila sa kapangyarihan, dakila sa karunungan at dakila sa

Last paragraph:

pag-ibig; sa pagmamahal at pagpapalagay sa kanyang mga anak dito sa

lupa; at pantas man o mangmang, mayaman man at dukha ay walang
mawawaglit sa mairog at lubos niyang paglingap.”
 
 SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

• The period when the Spaniards turned the Philippines into a fiscal
nightmare.
• Spanish burned villages, razed to the ground as crops were destroyed
and women were raped. Filipinos were taken away from their sources
of livelihood and lacked adequate food.
• The Spaniards colonization affected the lives of the Filipinos in such a
way that their freedom and their own land were taken from them.
 CONTRIBUTIONS OF MARCELO DEL PILAR

• During the colonization, General Del Pilar rose to prominence. He was one of those
who fought for our independence from the oppressive Spaniards.
• Propaganda movement - a period when the “Ilustrados” started calling for reforms,
equality and improvement.
 
Del Pilar chose to fight for his country through knowledge and the power of letters. Even
today, countless streets have been named after him, and above all, his patriotism,
contributions, intelligence and bravery will remain alive in our memories.
Revolutionary Literature
-

• Andres Bonifacio (Ang dapat mabatid ng

mga tagalog)
• Jose Rizal (El Filibusterismo)
Andres Bonifacio
• Father of Filipino Democracy, but more than
others, he is the Father of the Katipunan.
• Led in establishing KKK or the Kataastaasan,
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan.
• Was a voracious reader and among those he
loved to read which aroused his revolutionary
spirit were the NOLI and the FILI of Rizal.
Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog

• was published in the first and only circulated issue of

the Kalayaan in March 1896.
• Andres bonifacio shows here the view of the Philippine
history (Liwanag, Dilim, Liwanag).
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
•June 19, 1861
•Calamba, Laguna, Spanish Empire
• Died
December 30, 1896 (aged 35)[3]
Bagumbayan, Manila, Spanish Empire

- He was a Filipino nationalist and polymath

during the tail end of the Spanish colonial
period of the Philippines. He is considered the
national hero (pambansang bayani) of the
Philippines.