Bluetooth

What is Bluetooth?
• A cable-replacement technology that can be u
sed to connect one device to other device.
• Radio interface enabling electronic devices to
communicate wirelessly via short range (10 m
eters) ad-hoc radio connections
• A standard for a small , cheap radio chip to b
e plugged into computers, printers, mobile p
hones, etc
 What is Bluetooth?
• Uses the radio range of 2.45 GHz
• Theoretical maximum bandwidth is 1 Mb/s
• Several Bluetooth devices can form an ad hoc
network called a “piconet”
– In a piconet one device acts as a master (sets frequ
ency hopping behavior) and the others as slaves
– Example: A conference room with many laptops w
ishing to communicate with each other
 What is Bluetooth?
• Wireless technology for short-range voice and data co
mmunication
• Low-cost and low-power
• Provides a communication platform between a wide r
ange of “smart” devices
• Not limited to “line of sight” communication
 History
• Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group) :
– Founded in 1998 by : Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Toshiba and No
kia
– Currently more than 2500 adopter companies
– Created in order to promote, shape an define the specificati
on and position Bluetooth in the market place Current speci
fication : Bluetooth 2.1
 Motivation
Digital Camera
Computer

Scanner

Inkjet
Printer

Home Audio System PDA Cordless Phone

Cell Phone Base Station
 Bluetooth Application
• Automatic synchronization between mobile and stat
ionary devices
• Connecting mobile users to the internet using blueto
oth-enabled wire-bound connection ports
• Dynamic creation of private networks
 Bluetooth Architecture
• Piconet
– Each piconet has one master and up to 7 simultaneous slav
es
• Master : device that initiates a data exchange.
• Slave : device that responds to the master
• Scatternet
– Linking of multiple piconets through the master or slave d
evices
– Bluetooth devices have point-to-multipoint capability to e
ngage in Scatternet communication.
 Piconet
• All devices in a piconet hop together
– Master gives slaves its clock and device ID
• Non-piconet devices are in standby

P
S

S M SB

M=Master P=Parked
SB S=Slave SB=Standby
S
P
 Scatternet
• Devices can be slave in one piconet and master of ano
ther

S S
P
P
SB
S M
M
S
SB
P SB
S
 Ad Hoc Network
• Up to 8 devices can be actively connected in master/s
lave configuration
• Piconets can be combined to form scatternets providi
ng unlimited device connectivity
 Physical links
• Between master and slave(s), different types of
links can be established. Two link types have b
een defined:
– Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) link
– Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) link
 Physical links
• Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO)
– Support symmetrical, circuit-switched, point-to-point conn
ections
– Typically used for voice traffic.
– Data rate is 64 kbit/s.
• Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL)
– Support symmetrical and asymmetrical, packet-switched, p
oint-to-multipoint connections.
– Typically used for data transmission .
– Up to 433.9 kbit/s in symmetric or 723.2/57.6 kbit/s in asy
mmetric
 Bluetooth Radio
• Uses 2.4 GHz ISM band spread spectrum radio (2400
– 2483.5 MHz)
• Advantages
– Free
– Open to everyone worldwide
• Disadvantages
– Can be noisy (microwaves, cordless phones, garag
e door openers)