Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ANTIOKSIDAN
ANTIOKSIDAN
Oleh:
Nurrahman
Antioksidan
Antioksidan adalah substansi yang
diperlukan tubuh untuk
menetralisir radikal bebas dan
mencegah kerusakan yang
ditimbulkan o/ radikal bebas
dengan melengkapi kekurangan
elektron yg dimiliki radikal bebas
dan menghambat terjadinya reaksi
berantai dari pembentukan radikal
bebas yg dpt menimbulkan stres
oksidatif
Defenses against Prooxidants
1. Prevention of prooxidant formation
2. Interception of prooxidants
Biochemical prevention:
Control of prooxidant molecules:
- transition metal chelators
- catalytic control of O2 reduction
Control of prooxidant enzymes:
- blockade of stimuli
- inhibition of enzymes
Interception of prooxidants
‘Classical’ antioxidant:
Intercepts species, once formed
Excludes from further damaging activity
Transfers species from critical parts of
cell
Proteins
-Intracellular: SOD (I and II), glutathione peroxidase, catalase
-Cell membrane: SOD (III), ecGPx, plasma proteins (e.g. albumin)
-Extracellular: phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx (PHGPx)
‘Antioxidant Network’
Catalytic maintenance of antioxidant defense
Non-scavenging enzymes (re-reduce antioxidants)
Dependence on energy status of cell
Glucose is the most important ‘antioxidant’
NADPH NADP+
GSH GSSG
G6PDH
6-phosphogluconate glucose-6-phosphate NAD(P)+ NAD(P)H
Repair of damage caused by prooxidants
Caroteniods
carotenes xanthophylls
Biochemical function:
cofactor for at least eight
enzymes
At the tissue level, a major
function collagen
synthesis ( vit C deficiency
can lead scurvy)
The antioxidant
properties protect NO,
protect against age-related
cataract
Fruits
• Grapes
• Berry fruits
• Prunes
• Citrus fruits
• Apples
Vegetables
Tomato Beans
Broccoli Beet
Mushroom Corn
White cabbage Kale
Cauliflower Spinach
Garlic Onion
Soybean
R2 O
R1 O
OH
Isoflavone R1 R2
Genistein OH OH
Genistin OH O-glucose
Daidzein H OH
Daidzin H O-glucose
Herb and Spice
OH CH3 OH CH3
HO HO
CH3 O CH3
HOOC C
O OH
HO
OH Rosemarinic Acid
Tea
OH
OH
OH
O HO O
HO OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
Epicatechin Epigallocatechin
Biological Activities of Phytochemicals