PARAGONIMIASIS

01
ABOUT
Paragonimasi
s
 INTRODUCTION
Paragonimiasis, or lung fluke disease, is caused by infection
with several species of trematodes belonging to the genus
Paragonimus. The most common species in Asia are P.
westermani, P. heterotremus and P. philippinensis.
Paragonimus spp. is a common parasite of crustacean-eating
mammals such as dogs, cats, tigers, mongooses and monkeys.
(reservoir definitive hosts). 
PATHOLOGY
TRANSMISION AND RISKS FACTORS
• The adult flukes live in the lungs of infected mammals and lay eggs that are
coughed up through the airways and either expectorated in the sputum or
swallowed and defecated.
• When the eggs reach freshwater, they develop into miracidia that will inhabit
various species of aquatic snails where they will asexually reproduce and
eventually give rise to more developed larvae called cercariae.
• The cercariae will then further inhabit various freshwater crustaceans, which
act as second intermediate hosts, such as crabs and crayfish but also shrimp and
even frogs.
• When the crustaceans are eaten raw or undercooked, the metacercariae
that is the infective stage for several mammals will excyst in the intestine and
penetrate their way through the intestinal wall, peritoneum, diaphragm and
pleura - eventually reaching the lungs and completing the cycle. The incubation
period is 65 to 90 days.
 Signs and Symptoms

When worms reach the lungs,

symptoms in humans may include;
• chronic cough with blood-stained sputum,
• chest pain with difficult breathing
• and fever; pleural effusion
• pneumothorax are possible complications.
DIAGNOSIS

X- ray Ultrasound
Treatment
• Surgical Removal – for heterotopic cases

• Triclabendazole and praziquantel are both WHO-recommended

medicines for treatment of paragonimiasis in humans.
Triclabendazole is preferred for the simplicity of its regimen,
which ensures higher compliance with treatment. Praziquantel
can be used in animals.
 Dose Adverse reaction
Parazinquantel 25 mg/kg body weight 3 Occasional abdominal
(biltrizide) times daily for 3 days. discomfort ,
It is suitable for nausea,
treatment of adults and headache and
children over 4 years dizziness
old. pyrexia
Bithionol (BITIN) 30 – 50 mg/kg body Digestive disturbance,
weight on alternate days skin eruptions
for a total of 10 – 15
doses
Public health prevention and control

Preventive Water, sanitation and

chemotherapy hygiene (WASH

Risk
Prevention and
communication
control in animals
Cues and Data

Subjective;
“dugay- dugay na akong ubo dayun naa sagol dugo inig mo ubo ko”
“medyo nag lisod kog ginhawa” as verbalized by the by the father
history of eating raw freshwater crab or crayfish
the family often get sick
Objective;
Temp; 38°C
Frequent coughing
X – ray shows pleural effusion and multiple cysts, irregular linear lesions
Health Problem
Poor sanitation

family health problem

• Lack of knowledge for proper waste disposal
• Presence of diseases carrying pest
• No sanitary drinking water

Objective of care
• Improve family’s knowledge about proper waste disposal
• Educate family the risk of poor sanitation
PLANNED INTERVENTION
• Teach the members of the family on how to properly
dispose their stools and waste.
• Explain to the adult members to where draw safe
drinking water

Implementation
• Discuss with the family the
Importance and purposes of proper health sanitation to their health.

• Provide adequate knowledge on the various ways of maintaining cleanliness

in their household and their surroundings.
\\• Enumerate to them the illness and diseases they can acquire of having a
poor environment.
• Explore with the family the ways of improving home sanitation considering its
limited resources
• Promote proper personal and environmental hygiene among all members of
the family and explain the importance and changes it can do not just physically
but as well as mentally, psychologically and spiritually

Evaluation
• After the intervention family is able to demonstrate ways to improve
sanitation.
• The family has t enough knowledge of diseases they can acquire of
having poor sanitation and ways to prevent it.
THANK YOU!

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