KINETIC MODEL

OF MATTER
STATES OF MATTER
There are three states of matter that is solid liquid and gas.

PROPERTIES OF MATTERS
SOLID
 In solid particles are closely packed together.
 Molecules are arranged in regular pattern
 Molecules can vibrate to and fro but cannot change the position
 The force of attraction between the molecules is very strong.
 Solid has fixed shape and volume
 It cannot compress
LIQUID
 Particles are close together but compare to solid particles are
little far.
 The attraction force between the molecules are weak compare
to solid.
 Molecules can freely move from one place to another.
 Liquid has no fixed shape but has fixed volume.
 It cannot compress easily
GAS
 Particles are very far apart.
 The attraction force between the molecules are very weak
 Particles can move randomly with higher speed.
 Gas has no fixed shape and fixed volume.
 It can compress
 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON MOTION OF
MOLECULES

Temp increases  K.E increases  molecule moves faster and

increase there separation (expand).

•The gas molecules are in random

continuous motion. (Brownian motion)

•When the gas molecules are in a

container, they exerts a force on a wall
of the container when they collide with
it.

•Since the force is exerted over an area, a pressure is produced.

•If the temperature of the gas increases, the gas molecules gain K.E and moves
faster. So the molecules exerts on the wall of the container and pressure also
increase.

Temp increases  K.E Increases  molecule

speed increases Pressure increases

PRESSURE LAW (GAS

LAW)
For fixed mass of a gas at a constant volume, the pressure is directly
proportional to the temperature.
EVAPORATION
When the liquid below its boiling point changes into gas this
process is called evaporation. It happens because some of the
particles in the liquid moves faster than others. The faster one
near the surface have enough energy to escape and form a gas.
FACTORS AFFECTING EVAPORATION
1. Temperature of the liquid
Rate of evaporation increases as the temperature of the
liquid increases

lower temperature higher temperature

2. Surface area of the liquid
Rate of evaporation increases as the surface area of the liquid
increases.

Small exposed Larger exposed

surface surface
2. Drought over the surface of the liquid
Rate of evaporation increases when the drought over the liquid
increases (wind blows over the surface of the liquid).

Still air wind

THE COOLING EFFCT OF EVAPORATION
Evaporation has a cooling effect. If the high energetic fast
moving particles escape from the liquid, slower ones left behind.
so the temperature of the liquid is less than before and the liquid
cools down.

Why we feel cold when wind blows after swimming?

 Wind helps to carry away
water vapour formed by
evaporation, thus
increasing the rate of
evaporation.
 When the water droplets
evaporate, they remove
heat from our body and
thus, we feel cool.
Pressure – Temperature (P-T) Relationship of
gas

Condition:
volume is
constant.
Pressure-Volume (p-V) relationship of
a gas

Condition:
temperature is
constant.
Volume –temperature (V-T) Relationship