Phylum

Arthropoda
(Spider)
Phylum Arthropoda
  isan invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton
(external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired
jointed appendages (a projecting part of an
invertebrate or other living organism, with a
distinct appearance or function).
Phylum Arthropoda
 Arthropod came from Greek words:
 arthron means "joint“
 pous means "foot"
 Theword spider is from an Old English verb
spinnan, meaning "to spin."
Theraphosidae
Tarantula
 ScientificName
Theraphosidae, a group of hairy, often very large
spiders.
Tarantula (Theraphosidae)
 Habitat
 Live primarily in the tropical, subtropical and desert
areas of the world, mostly in South America, North
America, southern Europe, Africa, southern Asia and
Australia.
 Savanna, grasslands such as pampas, rainforests,
desert, scrubland, mountains and cloud forests
Tarantula (Theraphosidae)
 Reproduction
 Some tarantula species exhibits pronounced ‘Sexual
Dimorphism’

 Sexual Dimorphism
the condition where the two sexes of the same
species exhibit different characteristics beyond the
difference in their sexual organs.
Development
 The life cycle of the tarantula depends on the species.
The life cycle begins with the mating process, during
which males leave their territories in search of mates.
Male tarantulas are known to travel great distances in
order to locate females (which leads people to think
they are migrating). Unfortunately, their wanderings
may lead them into contact with people, such as on
roadways or in people’s homes. Males usually spin a
sperm web onto which they deposit sperm.
Development
 They draw the sperm into their pedipalps. Once
they locate a female they test her receptiveness by
tapping near her burrow or web. After performing
a specialized courting ritual, males fertilize
females and then move on quickly, as females are
sometimes known to devour their mates following
sexual contact. However, males that resist
consumption rarely survive more than a few
months following copulation.
Development
 Females deposit their eggs into cocoon-like structures
known as eggs sacs. These eggs incubate for a period
of time and hatch into young tarantulas, which molt
several times as they grow. Molting continues
throughout the life of the female tarantula. Males
usually cannot successfully molt after they become
mature. The intervals between molts grow longer as
tarantulas mature. Male tarantulas typically do not live
as long as females, with the female of some species
living up to 35 years.
Nutrition
 Nectar - a sugary fluid secreted by plants,
especially within flowers to encourage pollination
by insects and other animals. It is collected by
bees to make into honey.
 Spiders who eat nectar are healthier and tend to live
longer.
 Insects, other spiders and lizard.
Nutrition
 Spiders digest their food outside their body. After
the prey is captured, spiders release digestive
enzymes from their intestinal tract and cover the
insect. These enzymes break down the body,
which allows the spider suck up the liquid prey.
Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
 Hydraulics - Just like many man-made machines.
This means pressurized liquids generate, control
and transmit power.
 In the case of spiders, pressurized liquid is stored in
the cephalothorax, the body part the legs are attached
to. When the spider pushes one or more legs down,
the liquid is forced into another pair of legs. Spiders
have the ability to quickly increase and decrease
body pressure to power their legs.
Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
 Walking and Running
 When walking and running, spiders alternate their
four pairs of legs. While two pairs of legs are in the
air, the other two pairs are on the ground for support.
At the ends of the spiders' legs are many special
hairs that have microscopic feet that allow them to
grip onto horizontal and vertical surfaces.
Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
 Jumping
 Not all spiders jump, but some are known for it. Nearly
4,000 species belong to the jumping spider family
(Salticidae). These spiders are typically on the small
side and vary greatly in appearance, but their namesake
is their jumping ability. Jumping spiders generate eight
times their resting pressure for a jump. Some of these
spiders can jump up to 25 times their body length by
building up pressure in their third and fourth pairs of
legs.
Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
 Their eyes are not well developed. Instead, spiders
use vibrations, which they can sense on the surface
of their web.
 The tiny bristles distributed all over a spider's
body surface, are actually sensitive tactile
receptors. These bristles are sensitive to a variety
of stimuli including touch, vibration, and airflow.
 The bristles are not hair, but actually part of their
exoskeleton.
Types of Spiders
Spiders
Thank You 