DEDUCTIVE

REASONING
REPORTERS:
April Gweneth P. Mondano , Joie Acedera , Angelie Codaste
What is Reasoning?

 In mathematics, reasoning is the ability to

draw logical conclusions based on evidences
or stated assumptions.
 DEDUCTIVE REASONING
It is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying
general assumptions, procedures, or principles.
 It takes a general rule and uses it to make a more specific
example.

GENERAL SPECIFIC
EXAMPLE :

1. All dolphins are mammals. All mammals have kidneys.

Therefore, all dolphins have kidneys.

2. All cats have a keen sense of smell. Fluffy is a cat, so

Fluffy has a keen sense of smell.
 INVALID DEDUCTIVE REASONING
When it comes to deductive reasoning, you can overgeneralize. In these cases, even with two
solid and true premises, deductive reasoning goes wrong. Here are a few examples of that:

• All swans are white. Jane is white. Therefore, Jane is a swan.

• All actors are handsome. Tom Cruise is handsome. Therefore, Tom Cruise is an actor.

Let's take the Tom Cruise example. Just because Tom Cruise is handsome, does
that mean he must be an actor? Who's to say all electricians or writers aren't
pretty, too?
DEDUCTIVE REASONING VS. INDUCTIVE REASONING

DEDUCTIVE- the conclusion is a INDUCTIVE- the argument reaches a

SPECIFIC CASE of a GENERAL CONCLUSION BASED ON
ASSUMPTION SPECIFIC

Example:
All students in Butuan Doctor’s
COLLEGE is diligent. YOU are a BUTUAN
DOCTOR’S COLLEGE student. Therefore,
you are diligent
Example:
Q1. Did you pass all your subjects in Grade
11? Yes
Q2. Did you pass all your subject in Grade
12? Yes
Therefore, you will pass all your subjects this year.
USE DEDUCTIVE REASONING TO ESTABLISH A CONJECTURE
 Pick
a number. Multiply the number by 8, add 6 to the product, divide the sum by 2, and
subtract 3

Solution:
Let n represent the original number .

Multiply the number by 8: 8n

Add 6 to thee product: 8n+ 6
Divide the sum by 2: = 4n + 3
Subtract 3: 4n+3 – 3 = 4n

We started with n and ended with 4n. The procedure given in this example produces a
number that is four times the original number.
1. Pick a number. Multiply the number by 6, add 10 to the product, divide the
sum by 2, and subtract 5.

Hint: Let n represent the original number.

Solution:
6n
6n+ 10
6n + 10
=3n+5
2
3n + 5 -5 = 3n
Add a Slide Title - 5
QUIZ: Fill in the blanks the appropriate words and determine
whether the statement is inductive or deductive reasoning.

1. All carabaos that have been observed are black. Therefore, all _______ are black.
2. All humans are mortal. Alfredo is ________. Therefore, Alfredo is mortal.
3. If the room is dark then either the light is turned- off or the electricity is cut-off. The
prayer room is dark. The electricity is not cut-off. Therefore, the light is _______.
4. All Philippine money are produced by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Riza has
money in her pockets. Therefore, _________ is produced by the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas.
5. All Gillian Flynn novels are worth reading. The novel Gone Girl is a Gillian Flynn.
Therefore, Gone Girl is ________.