THE LIGHT BULB

The concept of lightening

 Introduction about fluorescent bulbs
 Almost every place uses fluorescent light bulbs
known as neon light. They are used in homes,
in offices, and in decorating shops and
commercial advertisements. What happens
inside the fluorescent tube? What is the idea of ​
its work to emit a bright white light?
 The circuit diagram of flouresent bulb

This circuit consist of fluorescent tube, starter,

filament, choke and supply voltage.
 Inside a fluorescent tube
A fluorescent tube is a glass tube that is hollowed out of
air. This tube contains few Hg particles and an inert gas,
AR, at low pressure. The inner tube surface is also covered
by a layer of phosphorous material. On both ends of the
tube there is an electrode for electrical conduction, and
inside the tube the electrode is connected to a thermal
filament that releases electrons when heated by the
passage of electric current through it. Filament : It is made
of tungsten material coated with barium and is used to
release electrons from it
 What happens when the fluorescent tube is
turned on?

As soon as the electrical current is connected to both ends

of the electrode, the two filaments at the ends of the tube
are heated and electrons are released from it. These
electrons accelerate (increase in speed) under the influence
of the voltage difference applied to the ends of the tube,
which is 240 volts. These accelerated electrons collide with
the atoms of argon gas, ionizing them (some electrons are
stripped from them and leave the argon atom in the form
of a positive ion). Low voltage (negative).
What happens when the fluorescent tube is
turned on?
This forms an electric circuit in which current passes
through ionized argon gas. When the accelerated electrons
and ions collide with mercury gas inside the glass tube is
hollowed out of air, the mercury atoms are excited, as the
mercury atom electrons move to higher energy orbits.
However, these excited electrons soon return to their
original orbits, releasing light photons. These light
photons resulting from the excited mercury atoms are in
the ultraviolet range, due to a property in the orbits of the
mercury atom.
What happens when the fluorescent tube is
turned on?
The phonons emitted by the excited mercury atoms collide
with the phosphorous layer to emit white light. And here
comes the role of the phosphorous covering surrounding
the inner part of the glass tube, where it absorbs these
photons of wavelengths in the ultraviolet range and the
phosphorous substance is excited, but when it returns,
part of the energy of the photons emitted by the excited
phosphorous atoms appears in the form of thermal energy
(hence we conclude the reason for the increase in the
spectrum in fluorescent tube temperature).
What is the role of the starter or what is known as
the starter

It is known that the argon gas inside the tube does not
conduct electric current unless it becomes ionized. When
it is ionized, an electric current is passed through a bypass
circuit. The current continues to pass through the starter
for a short period, which is the period required for the two
filaments to heat up at the ends of the tube and the
electrons are released from it to ionize the argon gas, and
then the starter stops working (you can take off starter
after lighting the lamp and you will find that the lamp is
still working
What happens inside the starter??
The starter consists of a capacitor and a small neon lamp
connected in parallel, temporarily connecting alternating
current with two ends of two wires connected to the
electrical current. When the fluorescent lamp is turned on,
the electric current begins to pass through the starter
because the gas inside the tube is still a dielectric. An
electrical discharge occurs between the two ends of the
starter wire, which heats the two wires. One of these wires
is stretched in the direction of the other end and they
come into contact and an electric current passes through
them
 What happens inside the starter??
The current passing through the starter continues until the
argon gas is ionized several times and the gas is heated
enough so the electrons can pass through tube. It is easy to
pass inside tube than the starter because it is known that
electrons pass faster in hot materials, then the current
stops passing through the starter and then the starter cools
and the wire shrinks to move away from the other wire.
Its turn ends until the next time the lamp is turned on
 What is the role of choke

It is a transformer that does not raise or lower the

voltage, it prevents the high current from passing
through (limit the current) and this depends on
the power of the fluorescent lamp because if a
high current passes, the lamp is damaged and
connected to different connections than normal
transformers.
Do you work with AC or DC current?

The fluorescent lamp works on alternating

current for two reasons. The first is the presence
of the transformer, which does not work until the
voltage changes, and this is what the alternating
current provides. Secondly because of the
presence of a capacitor inside the starter. Power
supply: It is what supplies the lamp with
alternating current
 The Advantage of flourecsent bulb

 Better light diffusions and

distribution
 Less heat emission
 More energy efficient than
incandescent lamps: 
 Longer operational lifespan
The disadvantages of flourcesent bulb
 Fluorescent lamps contain toxic
materials.

 Light from fluorescent lamps is

omnidirectional.

  Fluorescent lights emit ultraviolet light.

 Older fluorescents suffer brief warm-up
period.
Thank you for listening