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Endocrine Disorders
Endocrine Disorders
Review
• Identify the role of the hypothalamus in
endocrine function.
• Describe the divisions of the pituitary gland
and identify hormones secreted by each
division.
• Discuss the difference between releasing
hormones, inhibiting hormones and
stimulating hormones.
• Describe the process of negative feedback.
Review
• Identify the function of the following hormones:
– Glucagon
– Aldosterone
– Oxytocin
– Somatotropin
– Vasopressin
– Calcitonin
– Prolactin
– Melatonin
– Parathormone
– Insulin
Four Classifications of Hormones
• Steroid
• Protein (peptide)
• Amine
• Fatty acid derivatives
Endocrine Dysfunction
Assessment Diagnostic Evaluation
– ↓energy level/fatigue • Common categories
– Intolerance to heat or cold – Blood tests
– Changes in sexual function – Urine tests
– Development of 2° sex – Stimulation and suppression
characteristics tests
– Changes in mood and ability
to concentrate Describe the procedure for 24
– Changes in memory and sleep hour urine specimen
patterns collection.
– Exophthalmos
– Hypotension or hypertension
Pituitary Dysfunction
• Undersecretion or oversecretion
• Hypofunction: Hypopituitarism
– What will occur when there is a complete absence
of pituitary function?
• Anterior pituitary hyperfunction
– most commonly involves ACTH or GH
• Posterior pituitary hypofunction
– Most commonly deficient secretion of ADH
Pituitary Tumors
• Usually benign
• Three types:
– Eosinophilic (result in gigantism)
– Basophilic (cause Cushing’s Syndrome)
– Chromophobic (destroy pituitary)
• Diagnosed through careful assessment, visual
acuity and field testing, CT and MRI
• Medical management
• Surgical management
Diabetes Insipidus
• Posterior pituitary disorder
• ADH deficiency
• Key features: polydipsia and polyuria
• Can occur 2° to head trauma, brain tumor,
ablation of pituitary gland, CNS infections,
failure of kidney tubules to respond to ADH,
and systemic tumors
• Diagnosed by fluid deprivation test and trial of
desmopressin (DDAVP)
Diabetes Insipidus
Review Case Study