Pakikipagkapwa

Virgilio G.
Enriquez
● Also known as Doc E.

● Social psychologist

● Father of Filipino Psychology “Ama

ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino”

● Born on November 24, 1942 at

Santol, Balagtas, Bulacan

● Died on August 31, 1994 at the age

of 51.
Kapwa
Unity of the self with others, is the
central value that connects all the
different Filipino values (Enriquez,
1978).
The English others is actually
used in opposition to the self,
and it implies the recognition of
the self as a separate identity. In
contrast, kapwa is a recognition
of shared identity, Enriquez
argues for a Filipino psychology
that begins with the concept of
shared inner self, or a self with
others.
 BRIEF HISTORY
Kapwa – were present in the Tagalog language before the
Spanish arrived and were words used in a tribal and animist
context.

- “someone from the tribe”

- But when the Spanish missionaries arrived, the concept kapwa was impregnated and enlarged
by the Christian precept to ‘love your fellow man just like your own body’. Tribal boundaries
were stretched outward towards humanity in general.
 What is
Pakikipagkapwa?
Pakikipagkapwa (shared
identity)
Defined as the sensitivity and regard for
others, respect and concern, helping
out, understanding and making up for
others’ limitations, rapport, and
acceptance and comradeship (McBride,
2000).
 Pakikipagkapwa
To make the term kapwa into a verb, it will be pakikipagkapwa. Pakikipagkapwa as a
social activity has several modes of social interaction namely.

● pakikitungo; or, transaction/ civility with

● pakikisalamuha; or, interaction with

tit y
● pakikilahok; or, joining/ participating with Shared iden

● pakikibagay; or, in conformity with/ in accord with

● pakikisama; or being along with

● pakikipag-palagayang loob; or, being in rapport/ understanding/ acceptance of

● pakikisangkot; or, getting involved

● pakikiisa; or, being one with

Categories of Kapwa
1.) "Outsiders" or "Others" (ibang tao)
• pakikitungo (transaction/civility with)
• pakikisalamuha (interaction with)
• pakikilahok (joining/participating with)
• pakikibagay (in conformity with/in
accord with)
• pakikisama (being along with)
2.) "One of Us" or "Not others"
(hindi iba) or "Not other people"
(hindi-ibang-tao)
•pakikipagpalagayan/pakikipagpalag
ayang-loob (being in
rapport/understanding/
acceptance of)
• pakikisangkot (getting involved
with)
• pakikiisa (being one with)
 Pakikiramdam: A Pivotal Value
Definition: Filipino use damdam, or the inner perception of others’ emotions, as a basic
tool to guide his dealings with other people. It characterizes Filipino emotion. Enriquez
named his emotional quality “shared perception.”
Kapwa: Core Value of Philippine Value
As a general description, the distinct value system of
Philippine people can be summarized and summed up to
KAPWA having dominant characteristics of moderation or having
just enough or being sufficient, having the family as the
center and priority in life, trust in God, nationalistic
traditions of independence, cooperation and unity, charity,
heroism, group participation, friendship and
companionship, sense of justice and equality, concept of
human dignity and human rights, non-violence, historical
awakening, environmental consciousness, and the
emergence of empowered people and nation. Filipinos are
known to be hospitable.
 Pakikisama/Pakikipagkapwa
• To Filipinos, “pakikisama” is a very important trait.

• “Pakikisama is the ability of a person to get along with others to

maintain good and harmonious relationships. It implies camaraderie
and togetherness in a group and the cause of one’s being socially
accepted.

• “Pakikisama” requires someone yielding to group opinion,

pressuring him to do what he can for the advancement of his group,
sacrificing individual welfare for general welfare.

• One good aspect of pakikisama exists within close family kinship

and is interpreted as helping each other. Pakikisama is defined as an
apathy towards others with the readiness to help.
Thank you for listening!
 References:
• Aquino, C. (2004). Mula sa Kinaroroonan: "Kapwa, Kapatiran" and "Bayan" in Philippine Social Science. Asian
Journal of Social Science, 32(1), 105-139. Retrieved March 2, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23654689
• McBride, M., PhD. (n.d.). HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE OF FILIPINO AMERICAN
• Meneses, K., & Vincent, S. (2018). Pakikipagkapwa: A Filipino Value in Attempt to Counter Biodiversity and
Pakikipagkapwa: A Filipino Value in Attempt to Counter Biodiversity and Cultural Diversity Loss Cultural Diversity
Loss. Solidarity: The Journal of Catholic Solidarity: The Journal of Catholic Social Thought and Secular Ethics Social
Thought and Secular Ethics, 8. Retrieved from https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1109&context=solidarity
• Pe-Pua, R., & Protacio-Marcelino, E. A. (2000). Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology): A legacy OF VIRGILIO
g. enriquez. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 3(1), 49-71. doi:10.1111/1467-839x.00054
• Reyes, J. (2015) Loób and Kapwa: An Introduction to a Filipino Virtue Ethics. Asian Philosophy, 25:2, 148-171, DOI:
10.1080/09552367.2015.1043173