A

SEMINAR
PRESENTED ON
• Doordarshan had a modest beginning with the experimental telecast
starting in Delhi in September 1959 with a small transmitter and a
makeshift studio.

• On the footprint of the American satellite ATS -6. The first television
broadcast was viewed by the people of Rajasthan on 1st August
1975 under the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment targeting
the districts of Kota, Sawai Madhopur and Jaipur.

• Special educational programmes were then produced at Delhi.

• On 1st March 1977, Upgrah Doordarshan Kendra (UDK) was set up at

Delhi. The programmes produced at UDK for Jaipur were relayed via
high power transmitters.

• On 1st June 1987, Jaipur Doordarshan Kendra was set up.

• Initially the Kendra produced only 30 minutes of programming and

this was gradually increased. Now its 4 hours of a day.
MODES OF DISTRIBUTION OF TV
PROGRAMMES

 Terrestrial
 Satellite
 Cable

All the above three modes can be either in Analog or in

digital domain.
 EARTH STATION

 Earth Station is a uplink center from which the

signals are fed to Satellite for distribution in a specified
area covered by the Satellite.

 The signal is up-linked from the earth station and

received by many down link centers in TV broad
casting.

 It is a very important part of satellite communication

system for broadcasting of signals.
 EARTH STATION CLASSIFICATION
 Analog Earth Station

 Analog / Digital Simulcast

 Digital Earth Station

 ASNG

 DSNG

 C-band or Ku-band
 Satellite Transmission

Uplink
Downlink

Earth station
 Frequency (Uplink) > Frequency (Down link)

 6165.5 > 3940.5 MHz

 6165.5 = 3940.5 + 2225 MHz

 Reasons –
(1) To avoid interference between the uplink
and down link.
(2) Because the satellite has a limited R.F.
power out put.
 As path loss is proportional to Frequency
PROBLEMS OF ANALOG
 One programme per channel / transponder
 Comparatively noisy
 Ghosts in Terrestrial Transmission
 Lower quality with respect to VCD, DVD
digital media
 Fixed reception
WHY DIGITAL ?
 More programmes per channel / Transponder i.e.
spectrum efficient
 Noise-Free Reception
 Ghost elimination
 CD quality sound & better than DVD quality picture
 Reduced transmission power
 Flexibility in service planning
-quality / Bandwidth trade off

Contd...
WHY DIGITAL ?

 New services like Pay TV, VOD, Teletext, Data,

Surround sound, Multimedia etc.
 Interactive services like e-commerce, e-banking,
tele-quiz, tele-games etc.
 Automated operation in broadcast plan

 Non availability of analog systems in near future

 Future of TV transmission – DTH, DTT & Digital

Cable
 SATELLITE
COMMUNICATION
 Started in 1957 in Russia (Sputnik)
 Started in India on 14.04.82 (INSAT 1A)
 SATELLITE BROADCASTING-
DIGITAL
 Tremendous savings in satellite capacity.

 10 to 14 TV channels per 36 MHz Transponder

 ( DVB-S , MPEG 2 )

 25 to 50 TV channels in 36 MHz Transponder

 ( DVB-S2, MPEG 4 / WM 9)

 Excellent quality of signal reception.

 New services like VOD,PPV etc.

 ADVANTAGES OF SATELLITE
 Large coverage area (42% of Earth)

 Very High B.W. (Wide band Multi channel)

 Terrestrial uncovered pockets like valleys and mountains regions.

 Uniform Signal.

 Establish easily for Point to Point Communication.

 NONLINEAR
EDITING SYSTEM
 Modern editing method which involves being able to access any frame in
a video clip with the same ease as any other.
 Its audio/video equivalent of word processing, called as desktop editing in
the consumer space.
 Some editing software can now be accessed free as web applications; eg.
Cinelerra(focused on the professional market) , Blender 3D.
 Some, like Microsoft’s Windows Movie Maker or Apple’s iMovie, come
included with the appropriate operating system.
 With this one can export a Media 100 program timeline
to an XML document and then import that document into
a Final Cut Pro sequence for further editing.
MEDIA 100 - FINAL CUT XML INTERCHANGE

 Certain features are discussed further with pictures in the

coming slides.
Import dialog:
Export dialog:
Here's that program after it's been exported to XML and imported in Final
Cut Pro:
 CONCLUSION

 These non-linear video editing systems typically use compression

techniques developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group
(JPEG) or the Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG).

 Thus, conventional non-linear editing system tools are complex

and require a high degree of manual interaction and configuration
to produce a final edited result.
 World's most popular broadcast news production system.

 Used by journalists in almost 700 newsrooms in some 60

countries across five continents.

 ENPS is the ideal solution, featuring scalable, dependable

architecture that can be tightly integrated with third party
products. 
 NEW FEATURES IN ENPS & THEIR
ADVANTAGES
 ENPS FAX

 ENPS MOBILE SUITE

 ENPS Publishing

 ENPS Stats

 ENPS Ticker

 OPENS
 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE IN USE
Minimum Server Requirements:-
CPU Two Servers are required: a Primary Server and a live backup Buddy Server.
ENPS servers should use Intel Pentium or Xeon processor, including Pentium II, III, IV or Xeon, running at as
minimum of 500Mhz. Two processors are required.

RMA 1 GB RAM minimum. More may be required if you are converting legacy archives.

Hard Disk Storage RAID-5 : 3x18 GB 10k RPM+ SCSI drives

RAID-1 : 2x36 GB 10k RPM+ SCSI drives
The RAID Configuration must yield a minimum of 36 GB of space including the operating system.
Operating System Windows 2000 server or Windows 2003 (.NET) Server. The operating system you are using must have the
latest services packs from Microsoft installed.

Wire Ingestion Multi-Port Serial Card : Control Rocketport or Digi Board. One port for each incoming wire feed.

Additional Hardware / Network Interface Card capable of supporting TCP/IP protocol on a Windows Networking Environment with
Software 10-base-T minimum.
10 MB Quantum DLT 4000 tape backup drive (optional but highly recommended.
Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 or later.
Symantec PCAnywhere 10.0 for Windows 2000 Server or
Symantec PCAnywhere 11.0 for Windows 2003 Server.
Diskeeper Server 6.0 or higher (recommended)
 FEATURES OF ENPS
 Maximum screen space, even on smaller monitors. No confusing
menu bars or command lines. Windowed or full-screen operation,
designed so windows never get “lost”.
 Powerful Briefing function with Saved Briefings and immediate
Forward Search Alerts. Wildcard, stemming, and proximity searches
are available in some languages.
 Instant indexing or every word in incoming news wire stories, and Top
Line bulletin alerts.
 Scripting, with integrated spell check, thesaurus and a pronunciation
guide available for a number of languages. Automatic save / restore,
auto-timing, version control that lets you see who changed what and
when, and font size control.
 Rundowns, with user-defined layouts and fields and real-time
interfaces to character generators, prompters and other devices, plus
automatic archiving.
 Keyboard shortcuts and user-to-user and group-based Top Line
Messaging attachments, and interactive Chat, for private person-to-
person text exchanges- or group conference-with anyone else on your
ENPS network, local or remote.
• Private work areas for each user and public areas for each
group.
• Off-line capacity for laptops and off-site users.
• Fast, no compromise remote access capability.
• Newsgathering Grid/Planning resource management
functions, plus a Contacts manager and shared Read-
ins/bulletin board information.
• Built-in Web browser, so you can browse the internet
without leaving ENPS, click on Web links in news wire
stories to launch the page in the lower Editing Windows, and
drag/ drop text from Web pages into scripts.
• Incoming e-mail capability, allowing field staffers equipped
only with a standard e-mail account to quickly and easily get
information back into the newsroom.
• HTML exploring features, for converting ENPS Rundowns
and stories into HTML-formatted packages for use in a
separate publishing system.
 CONLUSION TO ENPS

 ENPS is one of the most sophisticated and state of the art system
made by the broadcasters and for the broadcasters all over the world.

 successfully implemented in the top most production houses

throughout the globe and its recruiters vouch for its excellent
functionality .

 system is so comprehensive that it requires at least full two months

training to its each user and it works perfectly well with the other
supporting graphic softwares used in the industry.
Photo Gallery
THANK YOU