The Periodic Table

and the Elements

Adapted from a Powerpoint by Dr. Fred Omega Garces

3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 The Periodic Table and the Elements
What is the periodic table ?
What information is obtained from the table ?
How can elemental properties be predicted based on the Periodic Table?

3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
In 1869 Mendeleev (Russia) and Lothar Meyer
(Germany) published nearly identical
classification schemes for elements known at the
time. The periodic table is based on the similarity
of properties and reactivities exhibited by various
elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-
1915) established that each element has a unique
atomic number, which is how the current periodic
table is organized.

http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html
3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
 The Periodic Table
A map of the building block of matter.
1 18
IA VIIIA

1 H
1 2
IIA
Periodic Table 13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA He
2

1.00797 4.0026
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.939 9.0122 10.811 12.0112 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984 20.179
11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.9898 24.305 26.9815 28.086 30.9738 32.064 35.453 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.102 40.08 44.956 47.90 50.942 51.996 54.9380 55.847 58.9332 58.71 63.54 65.37 65.37 72.59 74.9216 78.96 79.909 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.905 91.22 92.906 95.94 [99] 101.07 102.905 106.4 107.870 112.40 114.82 118.69 121.75 127.60 126.904 131.30
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.905 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.948 183.85 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.09 196.967 200.59 204.37 207.19 208.980 [210] [210] [222]
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109
7 Fr Ra Ac Ku http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html
[223] [226] [227] [260]

3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Periodic Table Expanded View
The Periodic Table can be arranged by
energy sub levels The s-block is
Group IA and & IIA, the p-block is
Group IIIA - VIIIA. The d-block is the
transition metals, and the f-block are
the Lanthanides and Actinide metals
The way the periodic table usually
shown is a compressed view. The
Lanthanides and actinides (F
block)are cut out and placed at the
bottom of the table.

3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement
Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals

1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

4
Nonmetals
5 Metals
6

3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Periodic Table: The three broad Classes
Main, Transition, Rare Earth
Main (Representative), Transition metals, lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)

3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

Reading the Periodic Table: Classification
Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases

3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Across the Periodic Table
Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table
(Rows 1-7)
These elements have the same number of valence shells.
1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

2nd Period
2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

6th Period
6

3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Down the Periodic Table
Families are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8
A,B)
These elements have the same number of electrons in the outer most energy level , known as the valence
shell.

1 18
IA VIIIA
2 Alkali
AlkaliFamily:
Family: 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
11e-e-ininthe
thevalence
valenceshell
shell
2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

4
Halogen
HalogenFamily:
Family:
5 77e-e- ininthe
thevalence
valenceshell
shell

0 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Notable Families of the Periodic Table
Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
Alkali Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkaline Chalcogens
1
IA
(earth) 18
VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA
Transition Metals IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

1 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Important Elements of Various Groups
Individual members of selected groups & their characteristics

1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1
H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He
2
Li C N O F
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3
Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl
4
K Ca Fe Cu Zn Br
5
Ag I
6

2 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Periodic Table
e- configurations are inherent in the periodic table

1 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He
1s1 1s2
2 Li Be B BC N O F Ne
2s1 2s2 2p1 2p1 2p 2p4
2 3 2p5 2p6
Na 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar
3s1 3s2 3p1 3p2 3p3 3p4 3p5 3p6
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Be Kr
4s1 4s2 3d1 3d2 3d3 4s13d5 3d5 3d6 3d7 3d8 4s13d10 3d10 4p1 4p2 4p3 4p4 4p5 4p6
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Ni Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
5s1 5s2 4d1 4d2 4d3 5s14d5 4d5 4d6 4d7 4d8 5s14d10 4d 10
5p1 5p2 5p3 5p4 5p5 5p6
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Ni Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
6s1 6s2 5d1 5d2 5d3 6s15d5 5d5 5d6 5d7 5d8 6s15d10 5d 10
6p1 6p2 6p3 6p4 6p5 6p6
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
7s1 7s2 6d1 6d2 6d3 7s16d5 6d5 6d6 6d7

3 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Periodic Table: Electron behavior
The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons

West (South) Mid-plains East (North)

METALS METALLOID NON-METALS
Alkali Noble gas
Alkaline Halogens
Transition Calcogens
These elements These elements These elements
tend to give up will give up e- or tend to accept
e - and form accept e- e - and form
1
CATIONS ANIONS 18
IA VIIIA
2 13 14 15 16 17
1 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB

4 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 2. Trend in Atomic Radius
Atomic Radius:
The size of an atom is determined by
the boundaries of the valence e-.
Largest atomic species are those found
in the lower left corner since these
atoms have the largest n, but the
smallest Zeff.

5 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 3. Trends in Ionization Energy
Ionization energy:
The energy required to remove the
valence electron from an atom is
known as the ionization energy.
Largest toward upper right corner of
periodic table since these atoms hold
on to their valence e- the tightest.

6 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 4. Trend in Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity:
The energy released
when an electron is
added to an atom.
The electron affinity
is highest among the
elements of the
upper right corner of
the periodic table
(excluding the noble
gases) since these
atoms have a great
affinity for electrons.

7 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Summary of Trends
Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
1. Electron Configuration 3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward upper right
4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable upper right

2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward lower left

8 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM
 Summary
Periodic Table:
Table Map of the Building blocks of matter
Types : Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal
Blocks: S,P, D, and F
Representative or main = S and P Blocks
Transition = D Block
Lanthanide/Actanides = F Block
Families Elements in the same column have similar
or Groups: chemical properties because of similar
numbers and types of valence electrons
Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Chalcogens,
Halogens, Noble gases
Periods : Elements in the same row have valence electrons in
the same energy level.

9 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM