SIGNALING SYSTEM

A.RAILWAY SIGNALING TYPES

i. BLOCK SIGNALING
ii. TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
iii. TRACK CIRCUITS
iv. INTERLOCKINGSIGNALING SYSTEM
v. SAFETY ASSURANCE
B. POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL
vi. ASPECTS OF DESIGN
vii. II. BRAKING CURVES
C. AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL
 RAILWAYS SIGNALING

• When trains run they’ve followed the rules of operation which is safety plays which is very important role.
• The most important rule in respect of safety is ensuring that two trains do not occupy the same position on
the track at the same
• • To make this rule work safe the operation of trains uses Railway Signaling to control movement of trains
on tracks and it dividWhen trains run they’ve followed the rules of operation which is safety plays which is very important role.
• • The most important rule in respect of safety is ensuring that two trains do not occupy the same position on the track at the same

• • To make this rule work safe the operation of trains uses Railway Signaling to control movement of trains on tracks and it divides tracks into
several sections namely ‘block’ which are protected by the Signals.es tracks into several sections namely ‘block’ which are
protected by the Signals.
SIGNALING SYSTEM

RAILWAYS SIGNALING GENERAL BACKGROUND

• WILLIAM ROBINSON WAS BORN NOV 22, 1840 INVENTED AND
DEVELOP AN AUTOMATIC BLOCK SIGNALS IN 1867.
• FIRST INSTALLED ON THE PHILADELPIA IN EARLY 1870.
• THE INVENTION HAS OFTEN REFERRED AS FAILSAFE DUE TO ITS
ABNORMALITIES SUCH AS WIRE MALFUNCTION AND RAIL
BROKEN..
SIGNALING SYSTEM

FOLLOWING KEY FUNCTIONS:

SAFETY FUNCTION
• TO PREVENT TRAINS TAKING CONFLICT ROUTES
• TO MAINTAIN SAFE SEPARATION DISTANCE BETWEEN TRAINS
• TO ENSURE TRAINS DO NOR EXCEED THEIR PERMITTED SPEED
SYSTEM TYPES
BLOCK SIGNALING:
BLOCK SIGNALING

• FIRST USE OF BLOCK SIGNALING WAS IN EARLY 1849

• WAS INSTALLED IN CLAY CROSS TUNNEL IN NORTH MIDLAND
RAILWAY
• It was enabling safe and efficient operating of railways by avoiding the
collision between trains.
SYSTEM TYPES

AUTOMATIC BLOCK SECTION (ABS)

AUTOMATIC BLOCK SECTION

• IT WAS FIRST INVENTED IN AMERICA AND FIRST PUT TO USE IN

EASTERN RAILROAD OF MASSACHUSETTS IN EARLY 1863.
• ABS OPEARATION IS DESIGNED TO ALLOW TRAINS OPERATING IN THE
SAME DIRECTION TO FOLLOW EACH OTHER WITHOUT RISK OF REAR
END COLLISION.
• THE SYSTEM OPERATES WITHOUT ANY OUTSIDE INTERVENTION,
UNLIKE MORE MODERN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRED
EXTERNAL CONTROL.
SYSTEM TYPES

CENTRALIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL

CTC consolidates train routing decisions that were previously carried out by signal man or the
train crews themselves. 
• It was first installed in year 1927 in New York Central Railroad between Stanley, Berwick
and Ohio the actual control machine was located at Fostoria Ohio.
• The CTC machine only displayed track state and command to the location remotely.
• It was significantly more expensive to build than non signal track due to the electronics and
failsafes required.
SYSTEM TYPE

TRAIN DETECTION
TRAIN DETECTION

THE FUNCTION OF TRAIN DETECTION SYSTEM IS TO DETECT THE

PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF TRAIN IN A PARTICULAR SECTION OR
BLOCK RAILWAYS.
• It was connected to a track circuits for transmitted and receiving train
detecting signal.
• The method of automatic train detection uses a track as part of signal
transmission path to detect existing train in block section.
SYSTEM TYPES

INTERLOCKING
INTERLOCKING

• It was safety features introduced with mechanical interlocking points and signals.
• Performed by series of mechanically interacting rods connected to signal operating
levers.
• Electromagnetic relays were used in series to ensure the safety of route setting.
• The main purpose was to protect the route of a train being set up and its protecting
signal.
SIGNALING SYSTEM
MECHANICAL SIGNALS

The mechanical signalling system mostly involves signals and points

The signals used in a mechanical signalling system are semaphore signals.
These signals are operated by means of either a lower quadrant or an upper
quadrant signalling system.
SIGNALING SYSTEM
MECHANICAL SIGNALS

• Stop Signals - A signal that is equipped to show a 'danger' aspect, which

commands an approaching train to stop. Its function is to prevent conflict
with other trains and to indicate that moveable infrastructure features are in
the correct position.
• Distant Signals – A signal that does not display a 'danger' aspect. However, it
is able to display a 'caution' aspect, which gives the driver advance warning
that the stop signal ahead may be displaying 'danger'.
SIGNALING SYSTEM
MECHANICAL SIGNALS
SIGNALING SYSTEM
MULTI ASPECT SIGNALING

Multiple aspect Signaling was a developed to

increase the train carrying capacity of the
track and to enable a single signaler to control
a much larger geographical area, since he is
not restricted by mechanical rods and wires to
be in close proximity to the signals and
points.
SIGNALING SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC TRAIN PROTECTION (ATP)
SIGNALING SYSTEM
SAFETY ASSURANCE

• Safety Assurance is a systematic and ongoing monitoring and recording of safety

performance, and evaluating safety management processes and practices.
• Safety assurance is the way you demonstrate that your Safety Management
System.
• A safety performance monitoring programme appropriate to railway is established
and maintained.
• The developments of safety theories and research have resulted in the creation of a
number of European standard, best practice and government regulation.
SIGNALING SYSTEM
FAIL-SAFE PRINCIPLE

The signalling system is designed and operated under the "fail-safe" principle.
The "fail-safe" feature ensures that, in the event of a signalling failure, the
system will respond in such a way that it will cause no harm to other devices or
danger to personnel.
A mechanism that is automatically triggered by failure that reduces or
eliminates risk.