Lesson 1.

2
Reproduction and Development in
Flowering Plants
Instructor: Ma. Christine
E. Ibay

Department of Biological Sciences

College of Arts and Sciences
Visayas State University
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Learning Objectives

1. Identify the functions of various structures in flower.

2. Describe the different types of flowers.

3. Describe a typical lifecycle in flowering plants (angiosperms).

4. Define and distinguish between pollination and fertilization.

5. Explain the main processes of angiosperm development.

Learning Activity
Instructions: Below are 20 different terms associated with a flower. Write these terms to
appropriate columns to indicate whether they are male or female reproductive parts or accessory
parts.
Structure of a Typical Flower

A flower is a shoot that is specialized

for reproduction. They are modified
leaves grouped with a receptacle.

Receptacle – holds the flower.

A flower consists of four whorls (rings)

of modified leaves. As the floral shoot
grows, it differentiates mainly into non-
reproductive parts and reproductive
parts.
Structure of a Typical Flower

Non-reproductive parts

o Sepals, leaf-like parts of a flower

(calyx)
o Petals, brightly colored to attract
pollinators (corolla)
o Tepal, highly indistinguishable
petal or sepal
o Perianth, collective term for petal
and sepal

Structure of a Typical Flower
Stamen
Reproductive Parts
o Stamen (Androecium), also called
Microsporangium.
The plants male reproductive parts.
1. Anther, contains microsporangia that
develop into pollen grains.
2. Filament, stalk of the anther.
 Reproductive Parts
Structure of a Typical Flower
o Stamen (Androecium), also called
Microsporangium.
The plants male reproductive parts.
1. Anther, contains microsporangia that
develop into pollen grains.
2. Filament, stalk of the anther.

o Carpels (Gynoecium), also called Pistil.

The plants female reproductive parts.
It bears the Megasporangium.
1. Stigma, sticky part where pollen grain
attaches during pollination.
2. Style, serves as a stalk of the stigma.
3. Ovary, becomes the fruit when it matures.
4. Ovule, contains microsporangium and
integuments. It becomes the seed when it
matures.
 Types of Flower
Based on the presence of four whorls:

o Complete flower – has all the four whorls.

"Roses" by Patrick Ahles is licensed under 

CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

"Red Hibiscus (Gumamela) in my garden" by 

Ray in Manila is licensed under CC BY 2.0
 Types of Flower
Based on the presence of four whorls:

o Complete flower – has all the four whorls.

o Incomplete flower – lacks one or more of
the four whorls.

Based on the presence of reproductive

whorls:

o Perfect or Bisexual flower (monoecious) –

has both stamen and carpel found in a
single flower.
o Imperfect or Unisexual flower (dioecious) –
has only either the male and female parts
(staminate, carpellate)
 Types of Flower
Based on the presence of four whorls:

o Complete flower – has all the four whorls.

o Incomplete flower – lacks one or more of
the four whorls.

Based on the presence of reproductive

whorls:

o Perfect or Bisexual flower (monoecious) –

"Winter Corn" by Perry McKenna is licensed under CC BY 2.0
has both stamen and carpel found in a
single flower.
o Imperfect or Unisexual flower (dioecious) –
has only either the male and female parts
(staminate, carpellate)
Development in Flowering Plants
There are two stages for the life cycle of a flowering plant.

1. Sporophyte (spore-producing plant) – the multicellular diploid (2N) phase

2. Gametophyte (gamete producing plant) – the multicellular haploid (N) phase

Alternation of Generations
Sporophyte  haploid spores  gametophytes  gametes  zygote  sporophyte

The sporophyte phase or the adult phase is the main phase of a flowering plant’s life
cycle. (Clark et.al., 2020)
Life Cycle of a
Typical
Angiosperm

Ovule consists of 4 haploid

the integuments megaspores
and the
megasporangium.

Megasporocyte
(diploid) –
megaspore
mother cell
Life Cycle of a
Typical
Angiosperm

Tetrads
 Pollination and n+n
Double
Fertilization
Endosperm – food-rich
tissue that nourishes the
developing embryo
3n
As fruits are eaten, seeds Endosperm
are dispersed everywhere.

Seeds will germinate and

forms into a seedling and
matures to become a
fertile adult plant.