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Ceramics: Done by 19IMUS001
Ceramics: Done by 19IMUS001
DONE BY
19IMUS001
WHAT IS A CERAMIC?
Amorphous Crystalline
atoms (or ions) are arranged in a
regularly repeating pattern in
the atoms exhibit only short-range three dimensions (i.e., they have
order longrange order)
no distinct melting temperature Crystalline ceramics are the
(Tm) for these materials as there is “Engineering” ceramics – High
with the crystalline materials melting points – Strong – Hard –
Na20, Ca0, K2O, etc Brittle – Good corrosion resistance
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS
Methods to Strengthen Ceramic
Materials
Make starting materials more uniform
Decrease grain size in polycrystalline ceramic products
Minimize porosity
Introduce compressive surface stresses
Use fiber reinforcement
Heat treat
COMPOSITION OF CERAMICS
1.SHAPING:
The ingredients are mixed together and soaked in water.the extended water is
squeezed out to make a clay with a moisture about 20%.and the mixture is
shaped according to the structure required.
2.DRYING:
The items are slowly dried in an oven where they lose all the water present
except the ones bound up in crystal lacttice.The volume reduces by 3-7%.
3.FIRING:
The item is heated upto 1170 degree Celsius.The clay undergoes chemical change
and the silica and feldspar unbdergo physical changes.
The silica and water from the crystal lacttice are expelled during firing.
This reduces the volume by further 7%.
this silica mixes up with the already present silica and melts to form glass. This
glass includes metallic ions from feldspar which makes it non-porous and water
tight
4.GLAZING:
Glazing Is a thin layer of glass that adheres to the surface of the body.
It provides smooth,non-absorbant surface that can be coloured and textured.
They are compsites of various oxides combined in propertions that will yield
desired properties
APPLICATIONS
1.Glasses
2.CLAY PRODUCTS:
Structural clay product-used in
building construction
Eg:building brick,roofing
tile,drainage pipe
Whitewares-ceramics which have
glassy finishing
eg:floor tiles,dental implants,spark-
plug insulators
3.REFRACTORIES-a group of ceramic
materials capable of withstanding
high temperatures for prolonged
periods of time
Eg: fire bricks for furnace and ovens,
used in manufacturing plant for iron
and steel
They provide thermal protection
They are composed of alumina
and silica with other oxides
ADVANCED CERAMICS-include inorganic
chemicals that exhibit specialized
properties.
Eg:
engine applications
electronic packing-to hold micro
electronics and provide heat transfer
Good heat transfer coefficient and poor
electrical conductivity
Materials used are BN,SIC,AlN
heat engines-engine block,piston
coatings
CERAMIC ARMOUR
Ceramics are also used in
armour.(alumina,boron
carbide,silicon carbide are most
commonly used material)
They are extremely hard
Used in armoured vehicle and in
personal armour
Low density leads to weight
efficient armour systems
Aluminium ceramic/Kevlar is
used in bulletproof jackets.
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