SH 004: PRACTICAL

RESEARCH
WEEK 2: August 23 - 27, 2021
TOPIC: IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND
STATING THE PROBLEM
At the end of 2 weeks, the learner will be able to:
a. design a research used in daily life
b. write a research title
c. state research questions
d. present written statement of the problem
e. list research hypotheses if appropriate
f. illustrate and explain the conceptual framework
g. define terms used in the study; and
h. describe background of research.
DIRECTIONS: Decode the following to understand the given
words though the use of a keypad phone.

EXAMPLE:

9 – 666 – 777 – 3 =
WORD
DIRECTIONS: Decode the following to understand the given
words though the use of a keypad phone.

EXAMPLE:

777- 33- 7777- 33- 2- 777- 222- 44 =

RESEARCH
DIRECTIONS: Decode the following to understand the given
words though the use of a keypad phone.

EXAMPLE:

8- 666- 7- 444- 222- 7777 =

TOPIC
DIRECTIONS: Decode the following to understand the given
words though the use of a keypad phone.

EXAMPLE:

7- 777- 666- 22- 555- 33- 6 =

PROBLEM
DIRECTIONS: Decode the following to understand the given
words though the use of a keypad phone.

EXAMPLE:

8- 444- 8- 555- 33 =
TITLE
DIRECTIONS: Decode the following to understand the given
words though the use of a keypad phone.

EXAMPLE:

77- 88- 33- 7777- 8- 444- 666- 66- 7777 =

QUESTIONS
I. IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND
STATING THE PROBLEM
A. RESEARCH TOPICS

Research topics are as varied and numerous as the realities and

complexities of daily life, on a personal, institutional, national or global
level.
B. SOURCES OF TOPICS
There are several sources of topics for a research.
1. Theory- is an organized body of concepts, generalizations and principles that
can be subjected to investigation. It provides conceptually rich topics, and
confirmation of some aspects of theory.
2. Personal Experience – you can also refer back to your personal and
professional experiences to spell out a specific research topic of your
interest.
3. Replication – can be done by reading previously done and published
researches.
4. Library Immersion – reading secondary sources such as handbooks,
encyclopedias, and research journal reviews provides overview of your topic.
5. Talk to experts in the field.
C. RESEARCHABLE AND NON-
RESEARCHABLE TOPICS
1. Non-researchable topics- address philosophical or ethical issues but
cannot be resolved through the collection and analysis of data.
CHARACTERISTICS
✔ have theoretical and practical significance
✔ have been conducted ethically
✔ contribute to the educational processes
✔ can be adequately researched given the expertise, resources,
and time constraints of the researcher.
C. RESEARCHABLE AND NON-
RESEARCHABLE TOPICS
1. Researchable topics- can be investigated through collection and analysis
of data.
1. Too broad topics will lead you nowhere.
2. Too broad topics will lead you nowhere.
EXAMPLE: Broad Topic Women’s Health

Narrowed Topic Women and Cancer

Focused Topic Women and Breast Cancer

Doing research always starts with a problem that leads to a topic to

investigate. Obtaining background information and formulating a research
topic that addresses the issue is a good place to start learning about your
challenge.
D. RESOURCES OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS
1. A feeling of discomfort like during recitation or making projects
2. Perceived difficulties in the management and leadership of the class
president or the adviser.
3. A gap between theory and practice
4. A daily experience of a person that requires further inquiry especially if
improvements are desired.
E. CONSIDERATIONS IN FORMULATING
A RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. External Criteria
a. Novelty- The topic must not have been used by many researchers
b. Availability of Subjects- Since this is practical research, it is
suggested that you think of study participants who are within your
research.
c. Administrative support- Refers to the aid or assistance that can
be solicited from the school or extended by the community
 Continuation

E. CONSIDERATIONS IN FORMULATING
A RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. External Criteria
d. Availability and Adequacy of Facilities and Equipment-
Devices such as computers, telephones, wifi etc. in undertaking the
research must be considered
e. Ethical Considerations- Ensure that all activities to be
undertaken are acceptable and are done in accordance with what is
legal and morally right
E. CONSIDERATIONS IN FORMULATING
A RESEARCH PROBLEM
2. Internal Criteria

a. Experience Training and Professional Qualifications- Constitute the

researchers knowledge, expertise, and experience in order for him/her to cope with
the research demands

b. Motivation, Interest, Intellectual Curiosity and Perceptiveness

of the researcher- These are essential attitudes that bring anticipated
satisfaction or enjoyment in the completion of research tasks

c. Time factor- Considers the fact that studies must be pursued in a given time
 Continuation

E. CONSIDERATIONS IN FORMULATING
A RESEARCH PROBLEM
2. Internal Criteria

d. Cost and Return- The amount of funding necessary, depends on the

size of the sample, the place where the research is to be conducted, the
research design, and the treatment of data

e. Hazards, penalties and Handicaps- Determined by the

researchers physical and intellectual capacity and moral judgment

f. Time factor- Considers the fact that studies must be pursued in a

F. RESEARCH TITLE

The research title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A
good title contains the fewest possible words needed to adequately
describe the content and/or purpose of your research paper. (University of
Southern California, 2017)
F. RESEARCH TITLE

The researcher must be reminded of the following:

a. In formulating the title, the researcher should avoid using words that serve
no useful purposes and can mislead indexers. The words methods, results,
investigations, and study appear redundant when used in the research title.

b. In many cases, the general problem or even the specific question that the
researcher intends to answer, when rewritten in a statement form, can
serve as the title.

c. The title must have 10 to 15 words.

F. RESEARCH TITLE

Example of Research Title

1. Frequency of Tardiness and Level of Support of Parents among High

School students in Selected Public Schools

2. Effects of Peer Pressure on the Habit-forming Behavior of Honor

Students
1. FUNCTIONS OF A GOOD RESEARCH TITLE
a. Summarize the main idea of the paper
b. Be a concise statement of the main topic
c. Include the major variable/s
d. Show the relationship of the main variables of the study
e. Include the main task of the researcher about the major variables under
study
f. Mention the participants and the setting
2. STEPS IN WRITING A GOOD WORKING TITLE
Step 1- Ask yourselves these questions and make note of the answers:
What is my paper about? (think about your chosen research topic)

Example: My paper is about determining how much awareness students

have about the new modes of learning
Who/What is studied?

Example: I will determine the awareness of Grade 11 students of Olivarez

College Tagaytay
 Continuation

2. STEPS IN WRITING A GOOD WORKING TITLE

Step 2- Use your answers to list keywords

Example:
✔ Determining
✔ How much awareness
✔ New modes of learning
✔ Grade 11 students
✔ Olivarez College Tagaytay
 Continuation

2. STEPS IN WRITING A GOOD WORKING TITLE

Step 3- Create a sentence that includes the keywords you listed

Example:
This study is determining how much awareness Olivarez College
Tagaytay’s Grade 11 students have about the new modes of learning.
 Continuation

2. STEPS IN WRITING A GOOD WORKING TITLE

Step 4- Delete non-essential information and reword the title
3. FINAL TITLE

Note: Consider the correct grammatical structure in arranging the words

G. GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
The formulation of the general problem statement that consists the
research question. The opening paragraph of the research paper contains
the general problem of the study
H. WHAT COUNTS AS A GOOD
RESEARCH QUESTION?
1. It addresses a knowledge gap 
2. The question should be pragmatically and theoretically relevant
3. Its main concepts are precise and anchored in the literature.
4. It should be manageable
5. Its formulation should help the reader envision the type of research
carried out
6. Taken together, answering research (sub) questions should lead to an
answer of the main research question.
I. GENERAL TYPES OF RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1. Non-researchable questions
• Questions of value
• Answerable by “yes” or “no”
2. Researchable questions
• Questions of value, opinions, or policy raised to gather data
J. TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Factor-isolating questions or factor naming questions- they isolate,
categorize, describe, or name factors and situations

Example:
What is the level of description of the study habits of senior high school
students in terms of:
1. review time;
2. place of review; and
3. techniques in studying?
 Continuation

J. TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

2. Factor-relating questions- their goal is to determine the relationship
among factors that have been identified. Questions for non-
experimental type of research
Example:
How does the study habits influence the achievement level of the Grade

12 students in their major subjects?

 Continuation

J. TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

3. Situation-relating questions- questions that usually yield hypotheses
testing or experimental study designs in which the researcher
manipulates the variables to see what will happen
Example:
What are the effects of the traditional methods of teaching on the level
of performance of GAS students?
 Continuation

J. TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

4. Situation-producing questions- questions that establish explicit goals
for actions, develop plans or prescriptions to achieve goals, and specify
the conditions under which these goals will be accomplished.
Example:
Based in the findings, what human relation intervention program can be

adopted to enhance or improve school effectiveness?

K. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN GENERAL
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. Main task – It satisfies the question “what to do” with the
major variables such as to associate, to relate, to assess, and to
measure.
2. Main or Major Variables
3. Participants: subjects or respondents
4. Specific Setting
5. Coverage Date
6. Intended Outputs: such as intervention programs, module,
policies (if applicable)
 Continuation

K. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN GENERAL

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE:
L. RESEARCH QUESTION
The research questions logically proceed from the context of
the study. They are formulated to clearly show the extent and
different angles of inquiry (ex: different variables of interest,
relationships to be probed, geographical and temporal scope).
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
1. Steps in writing a research question:
a. Choose the type of quantitative research question. Therefore, in
order to know how to write your quantitative research question, you
need to start by selecting the type of quantitative research question
you are trying to create: descriptive, correlational and experimental
research.
b. Identify the different types of variables that you are trying to
measure, manipulate and/or control, as well as any groups you may
be interested in.
c. Selecting the appropriate structure for the chosen type of
quantitative research question, based on the variables and/or groups
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
1. Steps in writing a research question:
d. Write out the problem or issues you are trying to address in a
form of complete research question
Example:
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
2. Steps in writing a research question:

STEP 1- Choose your starting phrase:

How many…? How frequently…?
How much…? What is the…?
What percentage…? What proportion…?
To what extent…? What are…?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
2. Steps in writing a research question:

STEP 2- Identify and name the dependent variable

What percentage of Filipino men and women exceed their

daily calorific allowance?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
2. Steps in writing a research question:

STEP 3- Identify group(s) you are interesting in

What percentage of Filipino men and women exceed their

daily calorific allowance?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
2. Steps in writing a research question:

STEP 4- Decide whether the dependent variable or group(s)

should be included first, last or in 2 parts
Group 1st; dependent variable 2nd: What percentage
of Filipino men and women exceed their daily calorific
allowance?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
2. Steps in writing a research question:

STEP 5- Include any words that provide greater context to your

question

What percentage of Filipino men and women exceed

their daily calorific allowance?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
2. Steps in writing a research question:

STEP 6-Write out the descriptive research question

What percentage of Filipino men and women exceed
their daily calorific allowance?
L. RESEARCH QUESTION
3. Steps in writing correlational research question:

STEP 1- Choose your starting phrase:

Two (2) variables:
What is the relationship between…?
Three or more variables:
What are the relationships of…?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
3. Steps in writing correlational research question:

STEP 2- Name the independent variable(s)

What is the relationship between gender and attitudes
towards music piracy amongst adolescents?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
3. Steps in writing correlational research question:

STEP 3- Name the dependent variable(s)

What is the relationship between gender and attitudes
towards music piracy amongst adolescents?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
3. Steps in writing correlational research question:

STEP 4- Name of the group

What is the relationship between gender and attitudes
towards music piracy amongst adolescents?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
3. Steps in writing correlational research question:

STEP 5- Identify the appropriate adjoining text

What is the relationship between gender and attitudes
towards music piracy amongst adolescents?
 Continuation

L. RESEARCH QUESTION
3. Steps in writing correlational research question:

STEP 6- Write out the correlational research question

What is the relationship between gender and attitudes
towards music piracy amongst adolescents?