SWIMMING

Prepared by: Jecka Mae B. Daligdig Submitted to: Mr. Rey Rabuya
 What is Swimming?

It is an exercise that is popular

as an all-around body developer
and is particularly useful in
therapy and as exercise for
It is one of a recreation and
physically handicapped persons.
sports, the propulsion of the body
through water by combined arm
and leg motions and the natural
flotation of the body.
THE ORIGIN OF SWIMMING

During the time of the Middle Ages and the Italian Renaissance, certain
inventors and innovators had toyed with the idea of improving upon swimming
skills and helping people learn how to swim in more efficient ways.

French author Melchisédech Thévenot wrote a book titled The Art of

Swimming in 1696, making it the first printed instructional piece about
certain strokes. It highlighted an early version of the breaststroke,
teaching people how to properly swim in the water.

One hundred years later, in 1798, the author GutsMuths wrote a book in German, with the
English translated title as Small Study Book of The Art of Swimming for Self-Study, which
became a standard teaching device in teaching people how to swim.
 When does Swimming
become Competitive?

• The earliest signs of swimming as a competitive sport are shown in England in

the early 1800s. 

• St. George’s Baths was opened as the first public swimming pool in 1828. A few years
later, the National Swimming Society was formed, and began to hold consistent
swimming competitions around London. 

• In 1844, an international swimming competition was held, and two Native Americans
entered as participants. 

• Several decades later, a man by the name of Captain Matthew Webb was the first
person to successfully swim the English Channel between France and England.
 When other
Countries joins the Fray

• Germany, France, and Hungary founded their national swimming

federations, and Scotland held its first women’s swimming competition
in 1892.

• A woman by the name of Nancy Edberg made women’s swimming a

legitimate sport by giving people access to swimming lessons at all
ages and all genders.

• The first Olympic swimming competition was held in Athens in 1896,

and four swimming events took place: The 100m, the 500m, the
1200m freestyle and the 100m for sailors. 
 Definition of Terms

• Freestyle. Most people know that there are four strokes in swimming, and most of
us know them as front crawl, backstroke, butterfly and breaststroke.

• Dolphin kick. The dolphin kick is usually used for the butterfly stroke, and the start and
turns in a race, as it is very fast. It involves a whipping motion with the legs, keeping
your feet together, similar to how a dolphin swims.

• Tumble turns. These are underwater somersaults used in backstroke and freestyle that
allow swimmers to push off from the wall for the next length.

• Body roll. Body roll refers to the rotation of your body from side to side.

• Bilateral breathing. Breathing bilateral breathing is used in the freestyle stroke and
involves on both sides of the body.
 Definition of Terms

• Swimming drills. When you start to become more confident, you may
be asked by your teacher to do swimming drills.

• Glide. You may hear your teacher telling you that you are gliding too
much.

• Body position. If you are told that you need to raise your body position,
this usually means that your hips and legs are sinking too low in the
water, which means you are not streamlined and your body has
increased resistance through the water.
 Safety Measures
 Always ensure that there is adult supervision when children are swimming.
 Never leave a child alone in or near the water.
 Never let children swim alone. Teach them to use the buddy system.
 Make sure children swim in supervised or designated areas.
 Never let a child swim during a storm or when there is lightening.
 Never use water wings and pool toys as life jackets.
 Make sure children know the depth of the water.
 Don’t let kids dive or jump into water that is less than 9-feet deep.
 Don’t chew gum or eat while swimming, diving or playing in the water.
 Keep a first aid kit, phone and emergency numbers near the water.
 Learn CPR.
 Have each child aged four and older complete a swimming program.
 Enforce all pool rules, including no running, pushing people in or dunking other swimmers.
 Hygiene for the Pool

 You must not pee, poop, sweat, and dirt in the

water!
 Stay out of the water if you have diarrhea.
 Shower before you get in the water.
 Don’t pee or poop in the water.
 Don’t swallow the water.
MATERIALS
FOR SAFETY
 Materials for Safety

• GOGGLES - Swimming with

leaky, uncomfortable, or foggy
goggles can be tough on your
eyes.

• SWIMSUIT. Choose a swimsuit based on

what's most important to you. If you want
something that will help you go faster,
research brand names and see if they
can back up the claims they make. 
 Materials for Safety

• EAR PLUGS AND NOSE CLIPS. Some

swimmers like to use these to help keep water
out of their ears and noses. Ear plugs should
be specifically designed for use in the water. 

• SWIM CAPS. Most swim caps are made from

latex or silicone. As with swimsuits, choose a
cap based on your needs. In general, latex
caps are thinner and less expensive, and
silicone caps are usually thicker, last longer,
and cost more.
MATERIALS
FOR SAFETY
Freestyle. Also known as the front
crawl, this is the classic swimming
posture. Lie on your stomach and
flutter your legs while alternating
the arms in a windmill motion.
You propel yourself forward with
moderate speed in a specific
direction. The freestyle is a great
competitive and exercise stroke,
and allows you to swim longer
distances without exhaustion.
Backstroke. Lie on your back and
flutter your legs while circling your
arms in a windmill motion. It’s very
similar to the freestyle, but you swim
on your back and propel yourself
backwards. Many doctors
recommend this technique to those
who have back problems, or to
develop stronger back muscle. This
can be a more difficult stroke,
though, so consider getting private
swim lessons to learn the proper
technique here.
Breaststroke. Float with your stomach
facing down, then move your arms in a
half-circle motion in front of the body.
Bend your legs, then kick back with good
timing, and you’ll propel yourself up and
forward. This is a great workout and is
recommended for those who swim for
exercise.
Butterfly. An excellent workout
and common competitive stroke
possibly because it tests a mature
swimmer the butterfly is
performed by bringing your arms
up above your head, then pushing
them down into the water to
propel yourself forward. Your legs
perform a dolphin kick, in which
they stay together and kick
simultaneously in a bobbing
fashion. 
Sidestroke - This is commonly
used by lifeguards because you
can hold onto another person and
keep them above water while you
swim. Lie on your side and
scissor your legs to propel
yourself forward. It’s a great leg
workout because your legs do
most of the propulsion. Alternate
by meeting your hands in front of
your chest, then darting your
arms outward, one back and one
forward. 
BASIC SKILLS
• BREATHING. This is a frequently overlooked basic skill, but it is an important one. If are
not comfortable breathing while swimming, you won't be able to enjoy it completely and
learn new things

• FLOATING. Floating helps to keep your body on the surface of the water. Our body
experiences a vertical buoyant force when immersed in water and floating helps to keep
your body in a horizontal position.

• BODY MOVEMENT SHOULD BE COORDINATED. In swimming, all your body parts

should be well coordinated with each other. You must be able to move the muscles of
your lower back, abdomen, and hips in a synchronized way to keep moving forward.

• KICKING. Kicking is another important skill to learn if you want to master swimming.
Kicking helps your body to move in the forward direction.

• STROKES. Strokes are the arm movements that help to pull the body through the
water.
OFFICIALS
• REFEREE. Has complete control of the competition, the venue and
the other officials in all matters of the swimming laws, moral conduct
and security. If judges disagree, then the referee’s decision is final. 

• STARTER.  Starts each event, has certain powers of disqualification.

• STROKE JUDGE (2). Patrol the side of the pool to observe the

swimmers conform to the Laws of strokes.

• PLACE JUDGE (2). Stand at the finish of each event to decide the

official places, may also act as Turn Judge.
• PLACE JUDGE (2). Stand at the finish of each event to decide the
official places, may also act as Turn Judge.

•JUDGE TURN (2).  Observe the swimmers conform to A.S.A. Law

regarding turns and relay take- overs.

•CHIEF TIMEKEEPER.  Records official time from each Timekeeper, if

necessary adjusts them to suit the places with the supervision of the
Referee.

• CHIEF WHIP.  Arranges the swimmers in each event into appropriate

heats. 
• TIMEKEEPER.  Take and record the time of the swimmer in the lane allotted.
This is the official time, which may be adjusted in accordance with A.S.A. Law
to suit the official places, which take precedence over times.

• RECORDER.  Record the places and times on a master sheet, arrange the

Finalists, or in the case of an Inter-Club Gala allocate the points gained by
each swimmer on behalf of their club.

• ANNOUNCER.  Announce results after they have been recorded, provides

security awareness and any other relevant information.

• STEWARDS/WHIPS. Organize swimmers for the events and supervise the

conduct of competitors.  At club galas, whips are expected to arrange their
allocated swimmers into the order on the programmer, hand them over to the
chief whips, and inform the chief whips of any swimmers who are missing.
THANK YOU