Methodology in

TEFL

TEACHING ENGLISH AS A
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
 Methodology?

a system of plan used in a

particular area of study or
activity, in this case we talk
about a language teaching.
 TEFL

Teaching English?

Foreign language?
History of Language Teaching
Before nineteenth century

Grammar (Di Marinis)

Reading (Jan Comenius)

Grammar, Translation (Karl Plotz)

History of Language Teaching

After nineteenth century

Listening, Speaking, Writing (Claude Marcel)

Direct Method, orally (Francois Gouin)

Reading method (Americans)

History of Language Teaching

New era

Audio Lingual Method (ALM), Total Physical

Response (TPR), Communicative Language Teaching
(CLT)
 ??

APPROACH, METHOD, TECHNIQUE

 APPROACH, METHOD, TECHNIQUE

Approach

A level of theories
Axiomatic
Assumption
There can be many methods within one approach

(Analogy: Can the birds be trapped?)

APPROACH, METHOD, TECHNIQUE

Method

A plan of language teaching based on theories

Method comes after approach
Procedural teaching

(Analogy: Steps of trapping birds)

 APPROACH, METHOD, TECHNIQUE

Technique

Carrying the method

Implementation
All activities in class

(Analogy: action in trapping birds)

Techniques in error correction:

1. Teacher doesn’t criticize and ask students to rely on themselves. (Silent way)
2. Teacher praises when students make good things (Audio Lingual Method)
3. Teachers just repeat the correct expression when students made the wrong one
(Total Physical Response)
4. Teacher doesn’t care with wrong expression as long as it doesn’t hinder the
communication (Natural Method)
English as a Foreign language and English as
a Second Language
Indonesia, Vietnam, China etc Malaysia, Kenya, Brazil, etc
A conscious process of learning An unconscious process of learning
Guided learning Unguided learning
Tutored learning Untutored learning
Formal learning Spontaneous learning
Learning Acquisition
Formal expression Informal expression
Learning in class Learning in society

TARGET LANGUAGE
 QUESTIONS

What is the definition of methodology?

What is meant by approach?
What is the definition of foreign language?
What is meant by method?
Teaching language before 19th century?
The difference between traditional and modern method?
What is the definition of second language?
What is the differences between foreign and second
language?
 Games

One finger or two fingers

Mackey (1975: 108-124) suggests that there
are three main influences that determine the
language learning, namely linguistic, social,
and psychological influences.
 1. LINGUISTIC

 How target language differ from mother tongue

 How much mother tongue interferes with the target
language
 Difference (grammar, phonology, vocabulary,
pattern, culture etc)
 Interference (mother tongue affects the target
language)
 2. SOCIAL

 Formal learning is done in English as a foreign

language.
 Informal learning is done in English as a second
language.
 Sociolinguistic study
 3. PSYCOLOGICAL

 Motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic)

 Attitude
See you..