VIRAL DIEASES

A CHALLENGE TO HEALTH
CARE SYSTEM
Presented by:
19- Arid-1451 Munazza Khalid
BCH-720 Group 8
 CONTENT
• CHALLENGES FACED BY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM DUE TO VIRAL
DISEASES
• Public health emergencies (PHE)
• Challenge to Emergency Departments
• Challenges Faced During Ebola Virus Outbreak
• Challenges Faced During Covid-19 Outbreak

• CAUSES OF EMERGENCE OF NEW VIRAL INFECTIONS OR RE-

EMERGENCE OF OLD INFECTIONS

• Change in world population and its distributions

• Evolution of old viruses
• Vector travel
CHALLENGES FACED BY HEALTH CARE
SYSTEM DUE TO VIRAL DISEASES
Viral diseases pose many challenges to health care system of globe.

Public health emergencies (PHE)

• Public health emergency is extraordinary event which create a public health
risk through international spread of disease

• Viruses which have potential to spread globally

• SARs , MARS , Ebola and COVID-19 19 create public health emergencies

Challenge to Emergency Departments
• Emerging viral infection challenge prevention and control strategies in
emergency departments of hospitals

Challenges Faced During Ebola Virus Outbreak

• Ebola virus disease begun in 2013 in west Africa
• Pose great challenge to health care system and create major public health
emergencies
 SPREAD OF EBOLA VIRUS
DISEASE IN WEST AFRICA, 2014
Dixon, M. G. et al Ebola viral disease outbreak—West Africa, 2014. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Challenges Faced During Covid-19 Outbreak
• Novel coronavirus or COVID-19 19 cause respiratory syndrome
• Begin in 2019 from Wuhan, china
• Spread globally , exhibit high potential of pandemic
• Efficiently transmitted among peoples
• Pose major challenges to global health care system
 CAUSES OF EMERGENCE OF NEW VIRAL
INFECTIONS OR RE-EMERGENCE OF OLD
INFECTIONS
• Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases ae threat to human population. Main
causes of new emerging viral infections are
Change in world population and its distributions
• Large human population favor spread of viral diseases

• Pathogen transmission is related to density of susceptible individual in

population
Evolution of old viruses
• Most emerging viruses are RNA viruses
• RNA viruses have high mutation rates
• Evolve rapidly and become more adaptable to environment
Vector travel
• Virus infected animal or arthropod travel from country to country or
continent to continent
• West Nile virus (WNV)  is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes 
• Airplane carry WNV-infected mosquitoes across the Atlantic Ocean from
the Middle East.

Other factors are

• Human behavior
• Unsafe lab practices
• Bioterrorism
Transmission route of WNV

Hui EK. et al Reasons for the increase in emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases. Microbes and Infection. 2006
Conclusions
Viral infection pose challenges to health care system of world . Emerging
and re-emerging viral diseases have affected health systems

Old viral infection such as Ebola virus disease and more recent COVID-
19 pose challenges to health care departments during epidemics and
pandemics

Various factors cause emergence of new infection and re emergence of

old ones such as evolution of old viruses , climate change etc