PROTEIN TARGETING

OR PROTEIN SORTING

Munazza Khalid
19-arid-1451
BCH 710
 Different compartments in cell carry out different
processes. Different processes require different proteins

○ Processes Proteins
DNA synthesis DNA polymerase
RNA synthesis RNA polymerase
Protein synthesis Small ribosomal subunit
Lipid synthesis Acyl transferase
Protein modification Glycosyl transferases
Glycolysis Hexokinase
Citric acid cycle Citrate synthase
 What is protein sorting or targeting?
 Most of proteins are synthesize in cytoplasm and some in nucleus
 Translocation of protein to their final destination or working place
where is called protein sorting
 Proteins Are targeted to the inner spaces of different intracellular
membranes, plasma membranes and organelles And also
transported to outside of cell via secretion.
Places in cell where proteins are translocated
 Who direct protein targeting?

 Signal sequences direct the targeting of protein in or

outside the cell
 These signal sequences are kind of ticket to proteins to
ride to final destination to perform their function
 In most cases these sequences are present at N-terminal
and contain hydrophobic amino acids but in case of
proxisomes signal sequence is present at C-terminal of
peptide
 Mechanism of protein targeting
 Protein are translocated in and outside the cell by different
mechanism
 The machanism by which protein are transported to different
membrane-enclosed organelles
o Gated transport: transport of protein into nucleus through
nuclear pores
o Transport Across membrane: transport of protein into
mitochondia and endoplasmic reticulum
o Transport by vesicle: proteins are transported to Golgi bodies
and lysosomes

Proteins are also transported outside the cell to different location

in the form of vesicle
 Gated transport
 Protein are transported inside the nucleus through nuclear pores
 Proteins are actively transported through nuclear pores
 Protein transport into mitochondria
 Transport of protein into mitochondria occurs across as transport
across membrane
 Protein translocators are present in mitochondrial membranes to
transport proteins across mitochondrial membranes
 TOM: Translocator of the Outer Mitochondrial membrane
 TIM: Translocator of the Inner Mitochondrial membrane
 Transport of protein into ER
 Protein are transported into ER through membrane and
transported while being synthesize mean co translational
translocation of protein
 Importance
 Protein sorting ensure the translocation of Proteins to
their specific place in or outside the cell for
functioning.
 Cellular organization and function depend on sorting of
proteins appropriate location in cell.
 Protein sorting is important for biogenesis of ER and
Golgi apparatus.