CHASSIS

OTOMOTIF
(STEERING)

NAMA : TAUFIQURRAHMAN
NIM : 1923041017
KELAS : 02
 Steering system

 Requirements
 Steering system on independent wheel suspensions
 Steering system on rigid axles
 Rack and pinion steering

▪ Advantages and disadvantages

▪ Configurations
▪ Steering gear, manual with side tie rod take-off
▪ Steering gear, manual with centre tie rod take-off
 Recirculating ball steering
▪ Advantages and disadvantages
Steering gears with a rotating movement are difficult to house in
front-wheel drive passenger cars and, in a standard design vehicle
with independent wheel suspension, also require the idler arm 5 and
a further intermediate rod, position 6, to connect them to the pitman
arm the tie rods are adjustable and have pre-lubricated ball joints
on both sides
▪ Steering gear
The input screw shaft 4 has a round thread in which ball bearings
run, which carry the steering nut 5 with them when the steering
wheel is rotated. The balls which come out of the thread at the top
or the bottom
 Power steering systems

▪ Hydraulic power steering systems

Hydraulic power steering systems are still the most widely used. The method of
using oil under pressure to boost the servo is sophisticated and advantageous in
terms of cost, space and weight.
▪ Electro-hydraulic power steering systems
With electro-hydraulic power steering systems, the power-steering pump driven by
the engine of the vehicle via V-belts is replaced by an electrically operated pump.
▪ Electrical power steering systems
The electrical servo unit can be installed on the steering column, pinion. or gear
rack. The steering axle loads and maximum gear rack forces are, depending on the
particular arrangement, about 650 kg and 6000 N, 850 kg and 8000 N or 1300 kg
and 10 000 N.
 Steering column

In accordance with the German standard DIN 70 023

‘nomenclature of vehicle components’, the steering column
consists of the jacket tube (also known as the outer tube or
protective sleeve), which is fixed to the body, and the steering
shaft, also called the steering tube. This is only mounted in
bearings at the top (or top and bottom, positions 9 and 10 and
transfers the steering-wheel moment MH to the steering gear.
 Steering damper

Steering dampers absorb shocks and torsional vibrations from the

steering wheel and prevent the steering wheel over-shooting (also
known as free control) on front-wheel drive vehicles – something
which can happen when the driver pulls the steering wheel
abruptly. The dampers therefore increase ride comfort and driving
safety, mainly on manual steering gears. The setting, which
generally operates evenly across the whole stroke range, allows
sufficiently light steerability but stops uncontrollable wheel
vibrations where the front wheels are subjected to uneven lateral
and longitudinal vibrational disturbances; in this event the damper
generates appropriate forces according to the high piston speeds
involved
 Steering kinematics

1. Influence of type and position of the steering gear

2. Steering linkage configuration
3. Tie rod length and position
 Double wishbone and multi-link suspensions
 McPherson struts and strut dampers
 Longitudinal transverse axles
 Reaction on the steering arm angle l