Course 5 20R

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2 0 2 1 Academic writing, research

权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
ethics and scientific integrity

Dr. Fan Yang
SIPA, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University
Course Information
• 4:00 – 5:40 pm (with one 10-min break in between), Tuesday of W
eek 2~9
• Online classroom: 233366988, password: 9841.
Grading 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的
Attendance:利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
40% In-class test: 60%
1. Skip 3 or more lectures will fail to get the credits.
 2 late-attendances is equivalent of skipping 1 lecture
 Late: 15-30’
 Skip: >30’
2. Test score for no-show lecture will be counted in 80%,

with the condition of pre-approval
Outline
• Background to academic writing
• Systematic literature review
• Components利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
of an academic article
• In-class quiz 权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
Academic writing – general issues (1)
• Most of us would probably mention some of the following
about academic writing:
• the use of sources
• quotations
• vocabulary characteristic of a specific field

• formal language and format

• vocabulary
• structures
• absence of features of spoken language
• layout
• matter-of-fact style
4
• No matter what style manual or other source on academic

writing you consult, you are likely to come across the follo
wing adjectives describing the style of academic writing:
• formal
• impersonal
• precise
• cautious
• unemotional
• Traditional view of science
• issues should be handled objectively, precisely, and neutral
ly. 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的
• Using “I”,利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
“we” is becoming popular
• The degree to which such features apply depends on

• the topic, 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的
the audience that
PPTone is writing to, and the type
作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的
of document that is being produced

• In academic writing, then, we typically think about three vari

ables when we determine how we should write:
• topic, audience, and purpose of writing.
The purpose of academic writing
• To report on a piece of research the writer has conducted (Ori
ginal Article/Thesis)
• To answer a感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的
question the writer has been given or chosen (Sh
PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的
ort report) 利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维

• To discuss a subject权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
of common interest and give the writer’s
view (Letter)
• To synthesis research done by others on a topic (Review Artic
le)
Developing academic literacy
As a professional - crucial to write well.
Developing an awareness of the epistemology (theory of kno
wledge of subject).
Does not require unique talent/ outstanding ability.

Everyone has basic skills necessary to write well

Format of academic writing
Short ones • Longer ones
Introduction • Abstract and keywords
Main body • Introduction
• Main body
Conclusion感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的
• Literature review
权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ • Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• References
• Appendices
Systematic literature review
There are fourteen major review types
Critical review, Literature review, Mapping review, Meta-an
alysis, Mixed studies review, Overview,
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 Qualitative systemat
ic review, Rapid review, Scoping review, State-of-the-art rev
iew, Systematic literature review, Systematic search and re
view, Systematized review, Umbrella review
👍 “A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types an

d associated methodologies” (Grant & Booth, 2009)
Systematic literature review
So, why stress systematic literature review?
Topic choice: What to study?
Research gaps
A research itself
What is it anyway? (clip)
Characteristics of systematic literature review
Objectives clearly defined a priori

Explicit pre-defined criteria for inclusion/exclusion of the li
terature; 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的
Predetermined search strategy in the collection of the infor

mation and systematic following of the process;
Predefined characteristic criteria applied to all the sources u
tilized and clearly presented in the review
Characteristics of systematic literature review
Systematic evaluation of the quality of the studies included i
n the review;
Identification of the excluded PPT
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 sources of literature and justifi
作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的
cation for excluding them;

Analysis/synthesis of 权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
the information (i.e., comparison of th
e results, qualitative synthesis of the results);
References to the incoherences and the errors found in the se
lected material.
上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行
Stages of systematic literature review
An example of systematic literature review
Components of an academic article
Bad example (1)
Bad example (2)
Bad example (3)
Bad example (4)
Bad example (5)
Components of an academic article
Abstract
Introduction
Literature review
Methods
Results
Discussion
References 利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
Appendix, tables, figures
Abstract
Background (1 – 2 sentences; not necessary)
Significance; research gap
Aims
Methods
Research method: in-depth interview; systematic literature review; questionnaire survey
Sample size
Location 利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
Statistical model (if any) 权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
Findings
Be consistent with the research aims
Implications
policy/theoretical; future study (not necessary)
Introduction
Backgrounds
Significance
Stress the dependent variable
Research gap
In a general way
Literature review
Organized in accordance with the research questions
Say, “influencing factors of the children’s involvement in school bullying”
Socio-ecological perspective vs. competing theory (not necessary for article)
intrapersonal factors (gap, inconsistencies);
family; school (gap, inconsistencies)
community environment (gap, inconsistencies);
Gap, inconsistencies利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
Literature review
Present the research hypotheses
One by one in the process of reviewing literature, that is, one sectio
n of LR is ended with a hypothesis (not required)
The present study
Restate the theoretical framework and aims
Methods
Participants characteristics
Who are they? How many? Where are they?
Demographics: gender, age, education, etc.
Procedures 利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
Field work steps (how to collect the data?)

Measures taken to guarantee research ethics

Methods
Measures
Dependent variables
Independent variables
Covariates 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的
Analytical plan
Analysis tool?
Analysis steps
Results
Organized in accordance with the research questions
Discussion
Restate the major findings
Discuss the findings one by one

Consistency利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
with the prior findings
Inconsistency with the prior findings, and why
Significance
Contributions
Discussion
Limitations
Be wise
Remind others to be cautious, rather than intimidate others
Point out the possible measures taken to avoid the limitation
Implications利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
Policy
Theory
Future study
“Discussion” is a key part !!!
References
Different styles
APA 6TH/7th
Harvard
…
• Use a reference management tool
Endnote
Zotero 权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
…
Appendix
Questionnaire
Topical guide
List of in-depth interviewees
Anything you利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维
think is too lousy to be placed in the main
body 权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
Figures and tables
Number them
Title for figure should be placed in the bottom of the figure
Title for table should be placed in the front
Three-line table
Figures and tables
PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索
In-class quiz
• https://www.wjx.cn/jq/93554980.aspx
• fan_yang86@sjtu.edu.cn
References
• Sieber, Joan E, & Tolich, Martin B. (2013). Planning ethically res
ponsible research (Vol. 31): Sage.
• Dunn, Cynthia McGuire, & Chadwick, Gary. (1999). Protecting st
udy volunteers in research: A manual
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 for investigative sites: Cente
rWatch Boston, MA.

• Farrimond, Hannah. (2012). Doing ethical research: Macmillan In

ternational Higher Education.

• Murphy, Elizabeth, & Dingwall, Robert. (2001). The ethics of ethn
ography. Handbook of ethnography, 339, 351.
Th an k you ！

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感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

2 0 2 1 Academic writing, research

ethics and scientific integrity

Grading 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

2. Test score for no-show lecture will be counted in 80%,

• vocabulary characteristic of a specific field

• formal language and format

• No matter what style manual or other source on academic

• The degree to which such features apply depends on

of document that is being produced

• In academic writing, then, we typically think about three vari

ort report) 利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维

Does not require unique talent/ outstanding ability.

Everyone has basic skills necessary to write well

👍 “A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types an

Objectives clearly defined a priori

Predetermined search strategy in the collection of the infor

cation for excluding them;

Stages of systematic literature review

感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

Field work steps (how to collect the data?)

Measures taken to guarantee research ethics

感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

Discuss the findings one by one

感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的 PPT 作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的

rWatch Boston, MA.

• Farrimond, Hannah. (2012). Doing ethical research: Macmillan In

ternational Higher Education.

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