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FURNITURE HISTORY AND TYPES

MATERIALS : METAL

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INTRODUCTION
Metals are generally hard , opaque and shiny
materials that exhibit good electrical and
thermal conductivity . Although approximately
91 of the 118 elements of the periodic table are
metals , they can be either elements ,
compounds or alloys .
DEFINITION
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon,
"mine , quarry , metal") is a material that , when
freshly prepared , polished , or fractured , shows
a lustrous appearance , and conducts electricity
and heat relatively well . Metals are typically
malleable (they can be hammered into thin
sheets) or ductile (can be drawn into wires) . A
metal may be a chemical element such as iron ;
an alloy such as stainless steel ; or a molecular
compound such as polymeric sulfur nitride .
METAL
ADVANTAGES OF METALS?
Metals have higher melting points . Metal
can go through a wider range of processes
including chipping , deep drawing , casting ,
forging, welding, and soldering . Metal is
more to long term, high volume lines of
production .
TEMPERATURE FOR METAL MELT?
Steel is just the element iron that has been
processed to control the amount of carbon.
Iron, out of the ground , melts at around
1510 degrees C (2750°F) . Steel often
melts at around 1370 degrees C (2500°F) .
 MILD
STEEL CHARACTERISTIC/TYPE OF
METAL
MILD STEEL
Mild steel is a type of carbon
steel with a low amount of COLOUR
 DARK GREYS TO SUBTLE BLUE TONES
 REDDISH OXIDATION
carbon . Although ranges vary
depending on the source, the MALLEABILITY
 GOOD MALLEABILITY WITH COLD-FIRMING
POSSIBILITIES
amount of carbon typically
found in mild steel is 0.05% DUCTILITY  GOOD DUCTILITY AND WELDABILITY
to 0.25% by weight , whereas
 SOFT AND DUCTILE CAN BE HARDEN THROUGH
higher carbon steels are CARBURISING (HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS)
 EASILY TO CUT WITH MACHINE
typically described as having HARDNESS
 BRINELL – 130
a carbon content from 0.30%  VICKERS – 140
 ROCKWELL - 71]
to 2.0% . If any more carbon
than that is added , the steel  THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY - AROUND 45 WATTS
PER KELVIN PER METER
would be classified as cast CONDUCTION  ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY - 6 MILLION
iron . There are gradations SIEMENS
from light and dark greys to
subtle blue tones , and maybe MELTING POINT  1425°C -1540°C
a bit of reddish oxidation here  ROUND/FLAT/RECTANGULAR/SQUARE BAR
and there . SHAPES  SHEET
 ROUND/SQUARE/RECTANGULAR TUBE
 ALUMINIU
light M
CHARACTERISTIC/TYPE OF
Aluminium is , METAL
ALUMINIUM

durable and functional :

COLOUR  SILVERY-GRAY
these are the qualities that
make aluminium one of MALLEABILITY  SOFT AND MALLEABILITY
the key engineering
DUCTILITY  DUCTILE AND EASILY BE FORMED
materials of our time .
 BRINELL – 95
We can find aluminium in HARDNESS  VICKERS – 107
 ROCKWELL - 60
the homes we live in , in
the automobiles we
 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY - 235 WATTS PER
drive , in the trains and KELVIN PER METER
CONDUCTION
aeroplanes that take us  ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY - 38 MILLIONS
SIEMENS PER METER
across long distances , in
themobile phones and MELTING POINT  660.3°C

computers we use on a  ROUND/FLAT/RECTANGULAR/SQUARE BAR

daily basis . In standard  SHEET
 CHANNEL
conditions aluminum is a SHAPES
 ANGLE
fairly soft , strong and  PLATE
 ROUND/SQUARE/RECTANGULAR TUBE
lightweight metal .
 STAinless steel
CHARACTERISTIC/TYPE OF
ALUMINIUM
METAL
Stainless steel is a steel alloy
 FROM BRONZE TO BLUE
with increased corrosion COLOUR
 GOLD
 PURPLE
resistance compared to  GREEN
carbon/alloy steel . Common
alloying ingredients include  LESS MALLEABILITY
MALLEABILITY
 SLIGHTLY HARD AND POOR WELDABILITY
chromium
(usually at least 11%) , nickel ,  HIGH DUCTILITY
DUCTILITY
 DEEP DRAWING AS FORMED USE
or molybdenum .
 BRINELL – 149
HARDNESS  VICKERS – 155
Alloy content often is on the  ROCKWELL – 70
order of 15-30% . Stainless
 -THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY - 15 WATTS PER
Steel applications include food CONDUCTION
KELVIN PER METER
 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY -1.4MILLION
handling/processing , medical SIEMENS METER
instruments , hardware ,
MELTING POINT  1510°C
appliances and
structural/architectural uses .  ROUND/FLAT/RECTANGULAR/SQUARE BAR
 SHEET
 CHANNEL
SHAPES
 ANGLE
 PLATE
 ROUND/SQUARE/RECTANGULAR TUBE
 TYPES OF METAL

STAINLESS STEEL

MILD STEEL

ALUMINIUM
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CONCLUSIO
N
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity while non
metals are not.mercury is the only metal that does'nt
conduct electricity and graphite is the only non metal which
conduct electricity . Metals have the valance electrons of
either 1 , 2 or 3 , while non metals have more than 3 .