HYPERTENSI

ON
Estigoy, Harriet Hozea
Galang, Cuttie Anne
Hatiya, Ronalyn
Hipolito, Mary Joy
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 03
Overview of the Brief Anatomy and
Disease
Galang, Cuttie Anne Physiology
Estigoy, Harriet Hozea
0
SIMPLIFIED
PATHOPHYSIOLOG
Y Mary Joy
Hipolito,

02
Treatment/Management
Galang, Cuttie Anne &
Estigoy, Harriet Hozea
04
Nursing Diagnosis &
Responsibilities
Hatiya, Ronalyn
 01
OVERVIEW OF
THE DISEASE
General Review of Hypertension
HYPERTENSION
-It is defined as abnormally high blood pressure
-Hypertension is another name for high blood pressure
-It is also known as the “silent killer”
-It can lead to severe health complications and
increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and
sometimes death.
BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS

Blood pressure is determined both by the

amount of blood your heart pumps and the
amount of resistance to blood flow in your
arteries. A blood pressure reading is given in
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). It has two
numbers:

1. Systolic pressure (top number)

2. Diastolic pressure (bottom number)
 INTERPRETATION
systolic: less than 120 mm Hg
Normal diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg

systolic: 120–129 mm Hg
Elevated
diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg

Stage 1 systolic: 130-139 mm Hg

Hypertension diastolic: 80-89 mm Hg

Stage 2 systolic: 140 mm Hg or higher

Hypertension diastolic: 90 mm Hg or higher
TYPES OF HYPERTENSION

1 2

Primary Secondary
Hypertension Hypertension
COMPLICATI
ONS
KIDNEY STROKE
DISEASE

HEART VISION LOSS

ATTACK
AND
HEART
DISEASE
RISK
FACTORS
1. Age and Sex 6. Too much salt in diet

2. Family History 7. Too little potassium in diet

8. Drinking too much

3. Obesity alcohol

4. Not being physically 9. Stress

active

10. Certain Chronic

5. Using tobacco
Conditions
 02
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
A brief review
 03
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Simplified
 Modifiable Factors
-Unhealthy diet high saturated fat and trans fat,
excessive salt consumption, low intake of fruits Non-modifiable Factors
and vegetables -Age
-Physical inactivity -Genetic
-Consumption of tobacco and alcohol -Gender
-Obesity -Ethnicity
-Stress
-Sedentary lifestyle
 Genetic Influences Environmental Factors

Defects in renal Defects in vascular

Functional
sodium smooth muscle growth
Vasoconstriction
hemostasis and structure

Inadequate sodium excretion

Salt and water retention

Increased natriuretic
hormone
Increased vascular reactivity Increased vascular wall thickness
Increased plasma and ECF volume

Increased total peripheral

Increased Cardiac output
(autoregulation)
resistance

HYPERTENSION
 04
Treatment and
Management
Lifestyle changes such
as:
-Eating a heart-healthy diet with less salt
-Getting regular physical activity
-Maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight if you're
overweight or obese
-Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink
Medications used to treat high blood pressure
include:
• Diuretics (water pills) - chlorthalidone, and
hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) are the common diuretics
prescribed.
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors- such as
lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), benazepril (Lotensin), and captopril.
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)- such as candesartan
(Atacand), losartan (Cozaar)
• Calcium channel blockers- include amlodipine (Norvasc),
diltiazem (Cardizem), and Tiazac.
 Additional
Medications
• Alpha Blockers- include doxazosin (Cardura), and prazosin
(Minipress).
• Alpha-beta blockers- include carvedilol (Coreg) and labetalol
(Trandate)
• Beta blockers-  include acebutolol, atenolol (Tenormin)
• Aldosterone antagonists- spironolactone and eplerenone
(Inspra)
• Renin inhibitors- include Aliskiren (Tekturna)
• Vasodilators- include hydralazine and minoxidil
• Central-acting agents- include clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay),
guanfacine (Intuniv) and methyldopa.
• .
 05
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 1. Risk for decreased cardiac output r/t increased
vascular resistance, vasoconstriction
2. Acute pain r/t increased cerebral vascular pressure
3. Decreased activity tolerance r/t sedentary lifestyle
 06
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Monitor Blood Pressure frequently , Instruct patient to keep a journal of regular
BP check
• Monitor for side/adverse effects (dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, fatigue) and
for toxic effects.
• Instruct patients that antihypertensive drugs should not be stopped abruptly, as this
may cause a rebound hypertensive crisis, and perhaps lead to CVA
(Cerebrovascular Accident)
• Educate patients about the importance of not missing a dose and taking the
medications exactly as prescribed.
• Tell to the patient to supplement diet with foods high in potassium.
• Educate the patient that they should not take any other medications, including
OTC drugs, without first getting the approval of their physician.
• Educate the patient on how to lower stress
• Educate patient on a low salt diet, exercise, and healthy eating
• Tell to the patient to supplement diet with foods high in potassium
THANKS
FOR
LISTENIN
G!
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