Lesson 1 GCF

Math 8
Prayer
Our loving and generous God, we praise and thank you for the
bountiful blessings You have given to us.
Thank you for giving us a mind that can know and a heart that can
love.
Thank you for giving us the chance to continue learning amidst
the pandemic that have cause a lot of changes in our lives.
We humbly ask for forgiveness for the times we have failed You.
When learning becomes difficult, grant us the gifts of courage and
enthusiasm.
All this we pray, in your mighty name
Amen.
Factoring the
Difference of Two
Squares
Objectives
At the end of this unit, you should be
able to:
factor completely different types of
polynomials (polynomials with common
monomial factor, difference of two
squares, sum and difference of two
solving problems
cubes, perfect involving
square factors
trinomials, of
and
polynomials.
general trinomials; and
Factoring the Difference of Two Squares
A constant is a perfect square if it is obtained by

multiplying a number by itself.
Observe the following
examples:
A variable is a perfect square when its exponent is

even, which is divisible by 2.
Observe the following
examples:
 The difference of the squares of two numbers is equal to the

product of their sum and their difference. That is,
Let us take the case of n2-4. What are
its factors?
Check if the given involves difference
of two
 squares:
It is a binomials.
 The operation involved is
subtraction.
 n2 is the square of n, while 4 is the
square of 2 .
Following the format, the factors of n2 - 4 are the sum and the difference of
the numbers being squared, n and 2
𝟐
𝒏 −𝟒

𝟐
𝒏 𝟐
𝟐
Thus, n2 - 4 = (n
+ 2) (n – 2)
Example 1: Factor 4x2 – 25.
Solution:
Step 1: Check if there is a
common monomial factor.
4x2 – 25 have no common monomial
factor.
Step 2: Check if the given polynomial
involves
4x2 – a difference
4xof
2
– two squares. 4x2 –
25 25 25
There are two The operation involved The terms are
terms (binomial). is subtraction. perfect square.
Example 1: Factor 4x2 – 25.
Step 3: Identify the square root of each of the terms. The
square root is the number being multiplied by itself to
obtain another number. 4x2
=
(2x) 2
25 = (5) 2
Step 4: Write the factors as the sum and the difference of

the answers in step 3. 4x2 - 25 = (2x + 5)
(2x – 5)
Try It
Yourself
Factor:
! 9m4 - 49
9m -
4
49
Try It
Yourself
Factor: no common
! 9m4 - 49
9m - 4 factor.
49
(3) 2
(7) 2
(m)4
9m4 – 49 = (3m2 + 7)
(3m24- 7)
9m4 - 9m - 9m4 -
49are two
There 49 involved
The operation The 49
terms are
Example 2: Factor 45n3 – 5n.
Solution:
Step 1: Check if there is a
common monomial
The GCF factor. coefficients is 5 and the GCF of the
of the numerical
variables is n. Therefore, the greatest common monomial factor
is 5n. We factor this out. 45n3 – 5n (9n2 – 1)
5n
Solution:
Step 2: Check if any of the factors involves a
difference of two squares.(9n2 –
(3 (1
1) )2 )2
(9n2 – 1) (9n2 – 1) (9n2 – 1)
Step 3: Identify the square root of each of the terms.
The square root is the number being multiplied by itself
to obtain another number.
9n = (3n)
1 2=
2
(1) 2
Step 4: Write the factors from steps 1 and 3.
45n3 – 5n (9n2 - 5n (3n + 1)
5n 1) (3n – 1)
Try It
Yourself
Factor: no common
! 16n4 - 1
16n - 4 factor.
(4)
12
(7) 2
(n)4
16n4 – 1 = (4n2 + 1)
(4n24 -1)
16n4 - 1 16n - 1 16n4 - 1
Example 3: Simplify [ 22 2 – 21 2 ] (22 2 –
without using a calculator.
Solution: 21 2
)
Step 1: Check if there is a (22)2 (21)
common monomial
The terms factor.
of the given expression has no 2
common
Step monomial
2: Check if anyfactor.
of the factors (22 + 21)
involves
Notice athat
difference of twoinvolves
the given squares. the (22(43)
– 21)
(1)
difference of two squares since 22 and 21
are3:
Step squared.
Identify the square roots 43
of each of the terms.
Factoring the Sum and
Difference of Cubes
September 16, 2021

Prayer
love.
enthusiasm.
Amen.
Factoring the Sum and
Difference of Cubes
September 16, 2021

Objectives
able to:
solving problems
square factors
trinomials, of
and
polynomials.
Factoring the Sum and Difference
of Two Cubes
Recall first what a perfect

cube
A is. is a perfect cube if it is obtained by
constant
using a number
Observe as a factor three times.
the following
examples:
of Two Cubes
A variable is a perfect cube when its
exponent is divisible by 3.
of Two Cubes

Let us take the case of . What are its
factors

Check if the given expression involves a sum or
difference of two cubes:
 It is a binomial.
 The operation involved is either addition or
subtraction. In this case, it is subtraction.
of Two Cubes
.
𝒌𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 =( 𝒌 − 𝟓 )¿
𝒌 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓=( 𝒌 − 𝟓)(𝒌 𝟐 − 𝟓 𝒌 − 𝟐𝟓)

of Two Cubes
Example 1: Find the factors of 8b3 + 1

Solution: Step 1: Check if there is a
common monomial factor.
8b and 1 have no common monomial factor.
3
Step 2: Check if the given polynomial involves the

sum or the difference of two cubes.
 8b + 1 is a
3
binomial
 The operation involved is addition.
 8b3 is the cube of 2b, while 1 is the cube of 1.
of Two Cubes
Example 1: Find the

factors of 8b 3
+ 1 the cube root of
Step 3: Identify
each of the8 terms.
𝑏3
3
√ 8 𝑏3 2𝑏

1 √3 1 1
Step 4: Form the factors using the formula with x = 2b and y = 1.
𝟖 𝒃𝟑 +𝟏= ( 𝟐 𝒃+𝟏 ) ( (𝟐 𝒃)𝟐 −(𝟐 𝒃)(𝟏)+(𝟏)𝟐 )
𝟖 𝒃𝟑 +𝟏= ( 𝟐 𝒃+𝟏 ) ( 𝟒 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟐 𝒃 +𝟏 )
Therefore, the factors of are and .
of Two Cubes
Try it yourself!
Find the factors of m9 + 64n6.
of Two Cubes

Example 2: Factor
Solution: Step 1: Check if there is a common
monomial factor. 𝟐 𝒛 𝟒 (𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝟑 −𝟐𝟕 𝒚 𝟔 )
Step 2: Check if any of the factors involves the sum or

the difference

of two cubes.
is a binomial
 The operation involved is subtraction.
 is the cube of 5x, while is the cube of 3y2.
of Two Cubes

Example 2: Factor
Step 3: Identify the cube root of
each of the terms.
𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝒙𝟑 3
√
125 𝑥 3
5 𝑥
𝟔
𝟐𝟕
𝒚 √3 𝟐𝟕 𝒚 𝟔 3 𝑦 2
Step 4: Form the factors using the formula with x = 5x and y = 3y2.

𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝟑 −𝟐𝟕 𝒚 𝟔 =( 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 ) ((𝟓 𝒙)𝟐 −(𝟓 𝒙)(𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 )+(𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 )𝟐)
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟕 𝒚 𝟔 = ( 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟑 𝒚 𝟐 ) ( 𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓 𝒙 𝒚 𝟐+ 𝟗 𝒚 𝟒 )
Therefore, the factors of are ,and.

Factoring Perfect Square
Trinomial
Objectives
able to:
solving problems
square factorsand
trinomials, of
polynomials.
Factoring the Perfect Square Trinomial
Consider the square formed using 1 big square

tile, 8 rectangular tiles, and 16 small squares tiles.
If the side of the 4” × 4” square is , the shorter
side of the 4” × 1” rectangle is 1 unit, and the side
of the 1” × 1” square is 1 unit, the area covered by
the square can be modeled by the polynomial: x2 +
To +solve
8x this kind
16. Can of problem,
you try remember
to find the measure that theof
of one
area
its of a square is equal to the square of the
sides?
length of its side.
Such expression for the area of a square is called a

perfect square. Moreover, since the square of a + b
results in a polynomial with three terms, it is called
a perfect square trinomial.
Factoring Perfect Square
Trinomial
Prayer
love.
enthusiasm.
Amen.
Generally, for a perfect square

trinomial a2 + 2ab + b2, by working
backwards, we have:
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b) 2
Note that the first and last terms are squares of a and b respectively (which
should always be positive), and the middle term is positive or negative twice the
product of a and b. Hence, in the factored form, the operation involved depends
on the sign of the middle term.
Example 1: Write n2 – 14n + 49 as

theStep
square of a binomial.
1: Check if there is a common monomial
factor.
n2 – 14n + 49 has no common
monomialisfactor.
Step 2: Identify if the given polynomial a
perfect square trinomial.
 The first and last terms are both perfect
squares
 The middle term is negative two times the

product of the square roots of the first and
Step 3: Use the square root of the first term of the trinomial as the first term of
the factor and the square root of the last term of the trinomial as the second term
of the factor. Square the binomial formed. (Note that the operation involved in
the factor depends on the sign of the middle term.)
Try : Write 4p2 + 36p + 81 as the

square of a binomial.
Example 2: Factor completely 18x3 + 60x2+ 50x.

Step 1: Check if there is a common monomial
factor.
18x3 + 60x2+ 50x has common
monomial factor.
Step 2: Identify if the trinomial factor is a

perfect square.
 The first and last terms are both perfect
squares
 The middle term is negative two times the

product of the square roots of the first and
last terms.
Step 3: Use the square root of the first term of the trinomial as the first term of
the factor; use the square root of the last term of the trinomial as the second
term of the factor. Square the binomial formed. Note that the middle term is
positive (addition) so the operation to be used in the factor is addition.
Try : Factor completely: 108m2p2 –

72mp +12m2
Example 3: Mang Berting is planting

palay on a square piece of land. The
land area is given by 100 – 20m + m2
the expression square meters. What is
the
Steplength of thethe
1: List down side of information.
given the land if m =
4?
Step 2: Find the square root of 100 – 20m +
m2 by factoring.
Step 3: Substitute the value of .
Solution: Step 1: List down the given information.

 Area of the square piece of land = 100 – 20m + m2
m = 4
Step 2: Find the square root of by

factoring
Common
Monomial Factor
Factoring
 Mathematics relies on logic and creativity, and it is studied both for
its theoretical and practical applications. For some people, not just the
professionals, the pursuit to understand the essence of mathematics
lies in the study of patterns and relationships.
 For grade 8 students, the pursuit to study mathematics starts with
the understanding of the concepts of polynomials.
 For some, it is not outright clear when or where the application

of the study polynomials can be readily applied. However, even
the simplest tasks or scenarios can be modeled using
polynomials.
Factoring
•Have you ever wondered how
architects maximize and design a certain
floor plan of a house or a building? …or
how an engineer computes for the right
mixture of cement and gravel to be used
for the foundations of skyscrapers and
other infrastructures? …or simply how
a carpenter builds a cabinet or drawer
using limited supplies?
Objectives
able to:
solving problems
square factors
trinomials, of
and
polynomials.
Warm up!
Factoring
Factoring
 In factoring polynomials, the first factors taken out are

the greatest common monomial factors.
For example, 6ab +
let us factor 12bc
One may opt to list down the common factors of both terms of the
polynomial and select the greatest factor. Nevertheless, the
following steps may be helpful and easier to perform.
Factoring
Step 1: Find the GCF of the numerical coefficients and the

GCF of the variables by prime factorization.
6ab +
Numerical 12bc Varia
coefficients:
6=3× bles:
ab =a⋅
2 b
12 = 3 × 2 bc = b ⋅
×2 c
GCF = 3 × 2 GCF =
=6 b
Factoring
Step 2: Get the product of the GCFs for the numerical coefficients
and the variables. This will be the greatest common monomial
factor of the polynomial.
GCF = 3 × 2 GCF =
=6 b
6•b=
6b
Factoring
Step 3: Factor out the greatest common monomial factor and divide
each term by this to find the other factor.
6ab +
12bc 6•2

𝟔 𝒂𝒃+𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝒄 𝟔 𝒂 𝒃 𝟏𝟐 𝒃 𝒄

𝟔𝒃
=¿
𝟔𝒃
+
𝟔𝒃
¿ 𝐚 +𝟐 𝐜
The other factor is Therefore, (6ab +

a + 2c 12bc) = 6b (a + 2c)
Let’s Practice!
Factoring
Example 1: Completely
factor the 45
polynomial:
𝑎 4 +36 𝑎 3
Step 1: Find the GCF of the numerical coefficients and the GCF
of the variables by prime factorization.
Numerical Vari
coefficients:
45 = 3 × 3 a 4ables
=a⋅a⋅
× 5 a ⋅:
3 a
36 = 3 × 3 a =a⋅a⋅
×4 =3×
GCF a
GCF = a ⋅ a ⋅ a = a3
Factoring
Example 1: Completely
factor the 45
polynomial:
𝑎 4 +36 𝑎 3
and the variables. This will be the greatest common monomial factor
of the polynomial.
GCF = 3 × GCF = a ⋅ a ⋅ a = a3
3=9
9 • a3 =
9a3
Factoring
Step 3: Factor out the greatest common monomial factor and
divide each term by this to 45
find the other factor.
𝑎 4 +36 𝑎 3
𝟒𝟓 𝒂 𝟒+ 𝟑𝟔 𝒂
𝟑 𝟒𝟓 𝒂 𝟒 𝟑𝟔 𝒂𝟑
𝟑 𝟓 𝒂 +𝟒
𝟑 ¿ 𝟑
+
¿
𝟗𝒂 𝟗𝒂 𝟗𝒂
The other Therefore, 45a4 + 36 a3

factor is 5a + 4. = 9a3 (5a + 4)
Factoring
Try It Yourself!
Completely factor the polynomial 48 h5

- 32 h3 .
Factoring
Example 2: Find the greatest 24 3 3 2 2
𝑥 𝑦 +18 𝑥 𝑦 −30 𝑥𝑦
3
common monomial factor of

Step 1: Find the GCF of the numerical coefficients and the GCF of
the variables. Besides prime factorization, you may also use
continuous division.
The GCF of the

numerical coefficients
Factoring
Example 2: Find the greatest 24 3 3 2 2
𝑥 𝑦 +18 𝑥 𝑦 −30 𝑥𝑦
3
common monomial factor of

Step 1: Find the GCF of the numerical coefficients and the GCF of
the variables. Besides prime factorization, you may also use
continuous division.
The GCF of the

variables is xy2.
Factoring
and the variables. This will be the greatest common monomial factor
of the polynomial.
𝟔 • 𝒙 𝒚𝟐 =𝟔 𝒙 𝒚 𝟐
Step 3: Factor out the greatest common monomial factor and divide
each term by this to find the other factor.
24 𝑥3 𝑦 3 +18 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 −30 𝑥𝑦 3 24 𝑥3 𝑦 3 18 𝑥 2 𝑦2 30 𝑥𝑦 3
2 ¿ 2
+ 2
− 2
¿ 𝟒 𝒙 𝟐 𝒚 +𝟑 𝐱 −𝟓 𝐲
6 𝑥𝑦 6 𝑥𝑦 6 𝑥𝑦 6 𝑥𝑦

The other factor is .
Therefore, =

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Math 8

A constant is a perfect square if it is obtained by

A variable is a perfect square when its exponent is

 The difference of the squares of two numbers is equal to the

Step 4: Write the factors as the sum and the difference of

September 16, 2021

September 16, 2021

Recall first what a perfect

𝒌 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓=( 𝒌 − 𝟓)(𝒌 𝟐 − 𝟓 𝒌 − 𝟐𝟓)

Example 1: Find the factors of 8b3 + 1

Step 2: Check if the given polynomial involves the

Example 1: Find the

Step 2: Check if any of the factors involves the sum or

Therefore, the factors of are ,and.

Consider the square formed using 1 big square

Such expression for the area of a square is called a

Generally, for a perfect square

Example 1: Write n2 – 14n + 49 as

 The middle term is negative two times the

Try : Write 4p2 + 36p + 81 as the

Example 2: Factor completely 18x3 + 60x2+ 50x.

Step 2: Identify if the trinomial factor is a

 The middle term is negative two times the

Try : Factor completely: 108m2p2 –

Example 3: Mang Berting is planting

Solution: Step 1: List down the given information.

Step 2: Find the square root of by

 For some, it is not outright clear when or where the application

 In factoring polynomials, the first factors taken out are

Step 1: Find the GCF of the numerical coefficients and the

The other factor is Therefore, (6ab +

The other Therefore, 45a4 + 36 a3

Completely factor the polynomial 48 h5

common monomial factor of

The GCF of the

common monomial factor of

The GCF of the

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