PHILIPPINE

LITERATURE:
WRITING IN
THE REGIONS
CONTEXT
- “the interrelated conditions in which something
exists or occurs” - Merriam Webster Dictionary.
- writers have used context to create various forms
of written works such as poetry, fiction, drama,
and essay.
- what is around us that influences us just as we
influence it.
 “...HOW CONTEXT, PARTICULARLY AS A
REGIONAL WRITER, BECOMES ART, OR IN THIS
CASE, HOW A MEMORY BECOMES AN ESSAY.”
ESSAY
- Derived from a Latin word “exagium”, which means
presenting one’s case.
- “A short piece of writing that tells a person’s thoughts or
opinions about a subject.” - Merriam Webster Dictionary.
- Typically written to persuade the reader using selected
research evidence.
- If done in a manner that elevate its form beyond just
being “a short piece of writing”, then the essay becomes
literary.
TWO ELEMENTS

1. STYLE - a unique way of expressing oneself. The

writer use his/her skills in writing the language to
produce a unique effect in the reader.
2. TONE - the attitude being conveyed by the
language used by the writer, is an essential part of
creating a distinctive style.
TYPES OF ESSAY
1. NARRATIVE ESSAY - narrating a story or an
incident through an essay. The aim is to involve
the readers as if they were right there when the
incident happened.
2. DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY - the writer describe a
place, an object an event or maybe even a
memory by painting a picture through his
words.
TYPES OF ESSAY
3. EXPOSITORY ESSAY - the writer presents a
balanced study of the topic. No scope for writer’s
feelings or emotions, completely based on facts,
statistics, examples, etc.
4. PERSUASIVE ESSAY - the purpose of the essay is
to get the reader to your side of the argument. Not just
a presentation of facts but an attempt to convince the
reader of the writer’s point of view.
FORMAT OF AN ESSAY

1. INTRODUCTION - the first paragraph of your

essay. Where the writer introduces his topic for the
very first time. Your aim is to hook the reader, you
can start with a quote or proverb, definition,
question.
FORMAT OF AN ESSAY

2. BODY - the meat of your essay sandwiched between

introduction and conclusion. The most vital and
important content of the essay will be here.
Example: Narrating an Incident = Chronological order
FORMAT OF AN ESSAY

3. CONCLUSION - the last paragraph of the

essay. Sums up the story or the argument,
sometimes by providing some moral of the
story.
 REGIONAL
LITERATURES &
REGIONAL WRITERS
1. ILOCANO
2.HILIGAYNON
3.CEBUANO
4.TAGALOG
5. PAMPANGO
ILOCANO:

-its literature is known as one of the most colorful

regional Filipino literatures.
Pedro Bukaneg - the acknowledge author of the
epic Bian ni Lam-ang. He was a blind Filipino
poet since birth, but grew up smart and talented.
HILIGAYNON:

- Consists of both oral and written works in

Hiligaynon.
- The arts, music, song, poetry and dance expresses
the feelings and thoughts of their development,
emerging from their wonderment at existence,
their interaction with nature, and their struggle for
survival.
HILIGAYNON:

● POEMS - Binalaybay
● TALE - Asoy/Sugilanon
● RIDDLE - Paktakon
● LOVE SONG - Balitaw
● PROVERB - Hurubaton
● LULLABY - Ili-ili
CEBUANO:

- Refers to the body of oral and written literature of

speakers of Cebuano.
- Have a rich oral tradition, including legends
associated with specific locales, like Lapu-lapu
- The tales carry lessons, but just as any suggest the
value of humor.
CEBUANO:

1. BALAK - characterized by the presence of

enigma or metaphor called
balaybay/sambingay.
2. BALITAW - an extemporaneous poetic
debate between a man and woman that is
sung and danced simultaneously.
CEBUANO:

3. KULILISING HARI - a dramatic form that

is usually performed at funeral wakes.
4. SUGILANON - short story
5. SUGILAMBONG - novel
TAGALOG:

- Has been born, cradled, nourished, and

peaked into fruition in the province of
Southern Luzon, Central Luzon, and the
present Metropolitan Manila or the NCR.
- Outstanding in the field of oral literature like
bugtong, proverbs, and native songs.
HISTORIC MEN IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS,
CULTURE, AND LITERATURE:

1. Francisco Balagtas Baltazar

2. Jose Rizal
3. Andres Bonifacio
4. Apolinario Mabini
5. Emilio Jacinto
6. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
HISTORIC MEN IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS,
CULTURE, AND LITERATURE:

7. Jose P. Laurel
8. Claro M. Recto
9. Amado V. Hernandez
10. Lope K. Santos
PAMPANGO:

- A case in point where the writers are indeed

struggling.
- Resulted from American and Spanish
influence.
- Faded in the early 20th Century as
publications dedicated to this literature never
took hold.
PAMPANGA - the first province in Luzon to
be recognized by the Spaniards, who quickly
befriended the kapampangan tribal
chieftains and gave them political and
financial benefits.
PAMPANGO:

1. PASYON DING TALAPAGOBRA (Lino G.

Dizon) - used not only the traditional pasyon
but also the vernacular to discuss the
injustices suffered by the working class
farmers.
PAMPANGO:

2. “CRISSOTAN” - poetic joust. Named after

the great Kapampangan writer Juan
Crisostomo Soto. The Kapampangan
balagtasan which emerged out of the
naturalization of poetic forms.
JOHN JACK G. WIGLEY

- The director of the University of

Santo Tomas Publishing House and
is also a full-time professor in UST.
- He finished his PhD in literature,
Cum Laude, and has the distinction
of having the first creative non-
fiction dissertation at UST.
JOHN JACK G. WIGLEY

- A literary essayist, one who is

not only concerned with
expressing himself, but also
with examining what he
experienced with tongue firmly
in cheek and with eyes wide
open to the realities that
surround him.
JOHN JACK G. WIGLEY

- He is someone who is very

aware of the imperfections of
memory, and thus says, “the
work that I am writing replaces
the memories that I keep about
my past. I did my best not to
misinterpret things, to be as
truthful as I can be.”
 JOHN JACK G. WIGLEY
“...looking back, I realize now that these hurdles were
blessings in disguise. They have become the rich
material I needed for writing. I have analyzed the
interrelationship of race (because I am half white),
class (because I was born poor), and gender (because
I am gay), how these structures have shaped my
experiences and how they have provided me with the
voice I am (using) in telling my stories.”
MOUNT PINATUBO
HOME OF THE ASHFALL
By: John Jack G. Wigley
MOUNT PINATUBO