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Corrosion and Its Prevention CHANGD
Corrosion and Its Prevention CHANGD
Corrosion and Its Prevention CHANGD
PRESENTATION ON CORROSION
PREPARED BY:-
Temperature Corrosion
Type I
Uniform or General
Galvanic or Two-metal
Crevice
Pitting
Intergranular
Velocity-assisted
Environment-assisted cracking
UNIFORM CORROSION
Corrosion over the entire exposed surface at a uniform rate. e.g.. Atmospheric
corrosion.
Maximum metal loss by this form. Not dangerous, rate can be measured in the laboratory.
GALVANIC CORROSION
When two dissimilar metals are joined together and exposed, the more active of the two
metals corrode faster and the nobler metal is protected. This excess corrosion is due to the
galvanic current generated at the junction.
Prevention of galvanic corrosion:
Cavitation Damage :
Cavitation is a special case of Erosion-corrosion. In high velocity
systems, local pressure reductions create water vapour bubbles which
get attached to the metal surface and burst at increased pressure,
causing metal damage
Environment Assisted Cracking:
When a metal is subjected to a tensile stress and a corrosive medium, it may experience
Environment Assisted Cracking. Three types:
1) Stress Corrosion Cracking
2) Hydrogen Embrittlement
3) Liquid Metal Embrittlement
Temperature corrosion:
Generally corrosion rates increase with increases in temperature. This is due to
several interrelated factors:
1. Higher temperatures tend to promote the corrosion reaction kinetics.
Therefore except in cases where oxygen is free to escape, higher
temperatures boost the corrosion rate.
2. Corrosive by products will have a higher diffusion rate at higher temperatures
and thus will be delivered to the corroding surface more efficiently.
(a) High Temperature corrosion
(b) Low temperature corrosion
High temperature corrosion
High temperature corrosion is a form of corrosion that does not
require the presence of a liquid electrolyte. Sometimes, this type of
damage is called "dry corrosion" or "scaling".
High temperature metals requires neither moisture nor dissolved
electrolytes (salts, acids) to proceed.
1. Reduction of metal thickness leading to loss of mechanical strength and structural failure or
breakdown.
2. Hazards or injuries to people arising from structural failure or breakdown (e.g. bridges,
cars, aircraft).
3. Loss of time in availability of profile-making industrial equipment.
4. Reduced value of goods due to deterioration of appearance.
5. Contamination of fluids in vessels and pipes (e.g. beer goes cloudy when small quantities
of heavy metals are released by corrosion).
6. Perforation of vessels and pipes allowing escape of their contents and possible harm to the
surroundings.
7. Loss of technically important surface properties of a metallic component.
8. Mechanical damage to valves, pumps, etc, or blockage of pipes by solid corrosion products.
10) Buried gas or water supply pipes can suffer severe corrosion which is not
detected until an actual leakage occurs, by which time considerable damage may be
done.
11) In electronic equipment it is very important that there should be no raised resistance at
low current connections.
12) The lower edge of this aircraft skin panel has suffered corrosion due to leakage and
spillage from a wash basin in the toilet.
Prevention of
corrosion
1) Barrier protection
2) Sacrificial protection
3) Cathodic protection.
Barrier protection :
Here, a thin barrier is developed between the surface of iron and
atmosphere by one of the following methods:
a) Painting of the surface
b) Coating the surface with a thin film of oil or grease
c) Developing a thin layer of some non –corrosive metal like nickel,
chromium copper etc., by electroplating.
Sacrificial protection:
In this case, the surface of iron is covered with a more electropositive metal like
zinc or aluminum. Since this metal loses electrons more readily than iron,
rusting is prevented. As long as metal is present, iron does not get rusted. This
type of protection is called ‘sacrificial production’.
Cathodic protection (Electrical protection):
This method is especially used for underground iron pipes. Here, the iron
pipe or tank is connected to a more electropositive metal like magnesium or
aluminum. The more electropositive metal acts like anode (supplies electrons) and
iron acts like cathode (receives electrons). Thus, iron is protected by turning it as a
cathode. Hence, the method is called ‘cathodic protection’ .
Conditioning the Metal
By retarding either the anodic or cathodic reactions the rate of corrosion can
be reduced. This can be achieved in several ways:
This can be sub-divided in to two main groups:
(a) Coating the metal
(b) Alloying the metal