CHAPTER 7 - DIMENSION OF

DEVELOPMENT: FIRST AID

EDUCATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
at the end of the chapter, the learners expected to:
1. explain the meaning and principles of first aid education
2. hone and apply firs aid skill during emergency situations and
3. participate actively in the delivery of first aid services.

OVERVIEW
This chapter discusses the first aid education and how the basic of first aid are carried
out by people who are knowledgeable and of and trained in it.
 FIRST AID

First aid is the immediate treatment using the

available facilities or materials and given to an ill or
injured person while waiting for medical assistance to
arrive. It includes either emergency measures for life-
threatening conditions which require further medical
attention or care for less serious injuries which may
adequate treated on the spot. As an urgent care given to
an injured or unexpected ill person, first aid also
involves home care and self-care if medical assistance is
delayed or not available.
FIRST AID KIT
FIRST AIDER

The first aider deals with the whole

situation involving the patient and the injury or
illness. The Philippine National Red Cross
(PNRC) conducts training for people who like to
become first aiders. If interested parties are
physically and mentally fit, they can go to their
local PNRC chapter and register for free. The
one-week training focuses on basic first aid and
provides the needed medical kit.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD FIRST AIDER
A good first aider must be gentle,
resourceful, observant, tactful sympathetic,
consoling and respectful. He/she should
maximize the use of materials at hand, know
how to improvise and hot to assess the situation
and the victim properly and exhibit
professionalism. Moreover, he/she must not
cause further harm by making the victim panic.
 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FIRST
AIDERS
1. Since the first aider does not perform the
function of a doctor or compete with the latter,
he/she immediately transfers the medical task and
care of the victim to a qualified physician who
comes to the rescue.
2. He/She ensures the safety of the bystander.
3. He/She assesses the condition of the victim.
4. He/She identifies the risk or threats to the
victim’s life.
5. He/She calls for medical assistance as needed.
6. He/She provides the immediate and necessary
care.
7. He/She assist the medical personnel.
8. He/She records the situation, care given, etc.
GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR FIRST AID

A first aider may encounter various problem situation. His/her decisions and actions depend
on the circumstances that cause the accident or sudden illness; the number of the person involved;
the immediate environment; the availability of medical assistance, emergency equipment, and
help for others. The first needs to adapt to the situation at hand and improvise as necessary.

The first aider must keep two fundamentals in mind. One, he/she must determine the best
way to rescue such as removing the victim from water, fire, or place filled with carbon monoxide
or smoke. Two, he/she must ensure that the victim has an open airway and must administer mouth
to mouth or mouth to nose artificial respiration if necessary, including the controlling the severe
bleeding.
 Unless it is safe to do so, the victim should not moved
at once. He/she should kept in the position best suited to
his/her condition or injury. The victim should not be allowed
to get up or walk around.
The first aider, in turn, is not to explain the victim’s
probable condition to bystanders or even to reporters.
He/she is expected, however, to remain in charged until the
victim can be placed in the care of qualified person, for
example, a physician, an ambulance crew, a squad or a
police officer; the victim can take care of himself/herself; or
the victim can be taken care of by relatives. Above all, the
first aider should know the limits of his/her capabilities.
He/she must make minimal effort to avoid further injury to
the victim on his/her attempt to provide the best possible
emergency first aid care.
Meanwhile, the proper first aid measure should include
standard and specific techniques that have been taught and
in view of circumstances that appear to be necessary.
BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT
Life support is a series of emergency life-saving
procedures that are carried out to prolong the life of
the victim. It classified under three types:

1. Basic life support is an emergency procedure that

consist of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest
or both and the proper application of
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to maintain
life until a victim recovers or advance cardiac life
support can be administered.
2. Advanced cardiac life support is the use of special
equipment to maintain the breathing and blood
circulation of the victim.
3. Prolonged life support is the post-resuscitation and
long-term resuscitation.
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Four Chains of survival

 Early recognition and call for help

 Early CPR
 Early defibrillation
 Early advance care
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What is an Emergency?
 It is sudden oneset of medical
or surgical severity that, in the
absence of immediate
medical attention, could
resoanably and expectedly
result in serious danger to
halth or impairment of bodily
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function.
Emergency Action Principles
 The scene must be surveyed entirely. Is the scene
safe? What happened? How many were injured?
Are there bystanders who can help? The first aider
must get the consent to give care; check for
responsiveness such as alertness, verbal response,
pain stimuli, and unresponsiveness; and protect the
spine if necessarry.
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Activating Medical Assistance
1. Situation of the problem injurred
2. Location
3. Number of person injured
4. Extent of injury and first aid given
5. Telephone number from where you are calling
6. The identity of the person who activates the
medical assitance.

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Emergency Action Principles
For primary survey
 check the airway for breathing for five seconds
 check blood circulation for ten seconds
For secondary survey
 Interviewing the victim *knowing is her name

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Methods of Rescue

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Transfer is moving a patient from one place to
another after giving first aid.

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Methods of Transfer

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Cloth Material Commonly Used in First Aid

1. Dressing

2. Bandage

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