AT H L E T I

CS

TECHNICALITIES AND
SCORING OF RUNNING
AND SPLINTING
SPRINTS
 TECHNICALITIES OF
SPRINT
• SPRINTERS SHOULD RUN IN DESIGNATED
LANES AND CANNOT CROSS LANES,
THROUGHOUT THE RACE.

• SPRINTERS SHOULDN’T STEP ON WHITE

LINES THAT MARK THEIR LANES
THROUGHOUT THE RACE.
• SENSORS ARE PLACED IN THE STARTING
PISTOL AND AT THE BLOCKS. IN CASE OF A
FALSE START, THE ATHLETE IS DISQUALIFIED.

• BEFORE GIVING THE ‘SET’ COMMAND OR

BEFORE FIRING THE STARTER GUN, ATHLETES
CANNOT TOUCH THE OTHER SIDE OF THE
START LINE WITH THEIR HANDS OR FEET.
• ATHLETES SHOULD NOT OBSTRUCT OTHER
ATHLETES DURING THE RACE.

• IF AN ATHLETE IS OBSTRUCTED, THE

REFEREE MAY ORDER THE RACE TO BE HELD
AGAIN, OR HE MAY ASK THE ATHLETE TO
TAKE PART IN THE NEXT ROUND.
• ATHLETES MAY LEAVE THE TRACK
VOLUNTARILY BEFORE THE RACE
ENDS, BUT THEY CANNOT COME
BACK TO THE TRACK ELSE THEY
WILL BE DISQUALIFIED.
 SCORING OF SPRINT
• THE WINNER IN EACH RACE IS THE
RUNNER WHOSE TORSO FIRST BREAKS
THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE FINISH
LINE.
• RACES ARE TIMED EITHER BY MECHANICAL
WATCHES OR BY MORE SOPHISTICATED,
ELECTRONIC PHOTO-TIMERS THAT CAN
MEASURE FINISHES TO THE HUNDREDTH OF
A SECOND.

• SOMETIMES, OWING TO THE NUMBER OF

CONTESTANTS IN A COMPETITION,
QUALIFYING ROUNDS, OR HEATS, ARE HELD
TO NARROW THE CONTESTANTS DOWN TO
THE FASTEST RUNNERS.
• FOR MEETS WITH MORE THAN FOUR (4)
TEAMS, THE SCORING FOR EACH RACE OR
FIELD EVENT IS AS FOLLOWS:

⚬ 1ST = 10 POINTS ⚬ 4TH = 4 POINTS

⚬ 2ND = 8 POINTS ⚬ 5TH = 2 POINTS
⚬ 3RD = 6 POINTS ⚬ 6TH = 1 POINT
MIDDLE DISTANCE
TECHNICALITIES OF MIDDLE
•
DISTANCE
MIDDLE DISTANCE WILL BEGIN
THE RACE IN AN UPRIGHT
POSITION, AND THEIR HANDS ARE
NOT ALLOWED TO TOUCH THE
GROUND.
• THE COMMAND TO START FOR THE RACES IS "
ON YOUR MARKS!" AND ONCE THE RUNNERS
ARE AT THE MARK AND THE GUN IS FIRED,
THEY MAY OFFICIALLY BEGIN THE RACE.

• FOR RACES UP TO AND INCLUDING ONE LAP

OF AN OUTDOOR TRACK, THE RUNNERS
MUST STAY FOR THE ENTIRE DISTANCE
WITHIN LANES MARKED ON THE TRACK.
• THERE MAY BE SIX TO EIGHT LANES, WITH
EACH LANE USUALLY MEASURING 1.2 M (4
FT) IN WIDTH.

• 8 RUNNERS ARE COMPOSED FOR THE 800

METERS RACE, AND EACH OF THEM HAS
THEIR OWN LANE FOR THE STAGGERED
START.
 SCORING OF MIDDLE
• DISTANCE
THE WINNER IN EACH RACE IS THE
RUNNER WHOSE TORSO FIRST
BREAKS THE VERTICAL PLANE OF
THE FINISH LINE.
• RACES ARE TIMED EITHER BY MECHANICAL
WATCHES OR BY MORE SOPHISTICATED,
ELECTRONIC PHOTO-TIMERS THAT CAN
MEASURE FINISHES TO THE HUNDREDTH OF A
SECOND.

• SOMETIMES, OWING TO THE NUMBER OF

CONTESTANTS IN A COMPETITION,
QUALIFYING ROUNDS, OR HEATS, ARE HELD
TO NARROW THE CONTESTANTS DOWN TO
THE FASTEST RUNNERS.
LONG DISTANCE
TECHNICALITIES OF LONG
DISTANCE
• RUNNERS MAY NOT CROSS THE LIMITS
OF THEIR RUN TRACKS; EITHER, THEY
MAY NOT CREATE ANY HINDRANCES
FOR THE OTHER ATHLETES.
• LONG-DISTANCE RACES TAKE PLACE IN
DIFFERENT CONDITIONS IN DIFFERENT
WORLD COUNTIES. THAT IS WHY ALL THE
RULES ARE OF A GENERIC CHARACTER. THUS,
A RUNNING DISTANCE MUST BE CLEARLY
LIMITED.

• IN ADDITION, PARTICIPANTS MAY NOT

ACCEPT THE AID OF ANY KIND DURING
RUNNING; IT REFERS ALSO TO REFRESHING
DRINKS.
• THESE COMPETITIONS USUALLY
BEGIN AFTER ALL THE TRACK-AND-
FIELD EVENTS ARE FINISHED. THAT
IS WHY IT IS A COMMON THING
WHEN LONG-DISTANCE RACES TAKE
PLACE IN WINTER MONTHS.
 SCORING OF LONG
DISTANCE
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE JUDGES
SHALL WORK IN THE FOLLOWING WAY:

• THE CHIEF JUDGE WILL TAKE THE

1ST TO FINISH THE EVENT;
• THE FIRST JUDGE WILL TAKE THE 1ST
AND THE 2ND;

• THE SECOND JUDGE WILL TAKE THE 2ND

AND THE 3RD;

• THE THIRD JUDGE WILL TAKE THE 3RD

AND THE 4TH;
• THE FOURTH JUDGE WILL TAKE THE 4TH
AND THE 5TH;

• THE FIFTH JUDGE WILL TAKE THE 5TH

AND THE 6TH;

• THE SIXTH JUDGE WILL TAKE THE 6TH

AND THE 7TH;
• THE SEVENTH JUDGE WILL TAKE THE 7TH
AND THE 8TH;

• THE EIGHTH JUDGE WILL TAKE THE 8TH;

• THE CHIEF JUDGE WILL THEN TAKE THE

RESULTS FROM EACH JUDGE AND
DETERMINE THE PLACING OF THE
ATHLETES.
• THE CHIEF JUDGE WILL THEN GO TO THE
CHIEF TIMEKEEPER TO NOTE THE TIMES ON
THE EVENT SHEET.

• FOR THE LONG-DISTANCE RACES, A

RECORD WILL BE KEPT LAP BY LAP. THIS
ENABLES TO CHECK IF ANY ATHLETE HAS
BEEN LAPPED AND IT ALSO ENABLES TO
INDICATE TO THE ATHLETES THE NUMBER
OF LAPS REMAINING.
• SEVERAL LAP COUNTERS WILL BE
AVAILABLE. THEY SHOULD RECORD
THE APPROXIMATE TIME AT WHICH
EACH ATHLETE COMPLETES EACH LAP
OF THE RACE.
RELAY RACE
 TECHNICALITIES OF
RELAY
• IF YOU DROP THE BATON, YOU WILL BE
DISQUALIFIED! IF YOU RUN OUT OF
YOUR LANE DURING THE BATON PASS,
YOU WILL BE DISQUALIFIED!
• IF YOU RUN OUT OF THE TAKEOVER
ZONE WITHOUT CHANGING THE
BATON,YOU WILL BE DISQUALIFIED!
IF YOU CROSS THE FINISH LINE
WITHOUT THE BATON, YOU WILL BE
DISQUALIFIED
A. RACE IS RUN WITH A 3-TURN
STAGGER:

THE FIRST RUNNER RUNS IN LANES ALL

THE WAY, THEN THE SECOND RUNNER
RUNS THE FIRST TURN IN LANES
BEFORE CUTTING IN.
B. THE EXCHANGE OF THE BATON MUST
OCCUR WITHIN THE 20-METER ZONE
(1ST HALF OF THE ZONE,10 M).

• THERE IS NO ACCELERATION ZONE

LEADING INTO THE EXCHANGE ZONE.
RUNNER #1 WILL RUN IN LANES ALL THE WAY.

• ATHLETE WILL BASICALLY RUN THE RACE

SIMILAR TO AN OPEN 400-METER RACE.

NOTE: IDEALLY THE BATON IS CARRIED IN

THE RIGHT HAND FOR CONTROL AND
OPTIMAL "PASSING" CONDITIONS.
RUNNERS #2 WILL RUN A 3-TURN STAGGER

• RECEIVES BATON IN LEFT HAND AND

CHANGE(IMMEDIATELY) TO THE RIGHT
HAND
• ATHLETE RUNS IN LANE UNTIL THE 'CUT IN'
MARK (ROUGHLY 1500M START LINE)
• ATHLETE CUTS INTO THE "POLE" (LANE 1)
ON A GRADUAL TANGENT
RUNNERS #3, AND #4

• RECEIVES BATON IN LEFT HAND AND

CHANGE(IMMEDIATELY) TO THE RIGHT
HAND.

• KEEP PUMPING THE ARMS UNTIL TIME TO

MAKE THE EXCHANGE.
OUTGOING RUNNER

• VISUAL EXCHANGE (B/C OF FATIGUE)

• PALM UP ('V" UP)
• HIGH, STABLE TARGET
• RECEIVE BATON WITH LEFT HAND, THEN
CHANGE IMMEDIATELY TO RIGHT HAND
• EXTEND ARM STRAIGHT OUT FROM
SHOULDER
• DO NOT SWIPE OR SNATCH THE BATON,
TAKE THE BATON UNDER CONTROL
• TAKE-OFF MARK (8-16FT; EYE BALL THE
MARK, NO TAPE)
• BUILD MOMENTUM TO MATCH
INCOMING RUNNERS SPEED (2-4 STEPS)
THEN LOOK BACK OR DRAG
• AGGRESSIVE TAKE-OFF ('GET TO
GETTING')
SCORING AT A TRACK MEET
• HOW A TRACK MEET IS SCORED IS BASED
UPON HOW MANY TEAMS ARE AT THAT
PARTICULAR MEET.

• EACH RACE IS SCORED AND AFTER THE

ENTIRE MEET IS OVER THE SCORES FOR EACH
EVENT ARE ADDED TOGETHER TO GET A
TOTAL SCORE.
• FOR MEETS WITH MORE THAN FOUR (4)
TEAMS, THE SCORING FOR EACH RACE OR
FIELD EVENT IS AS FOLLOWS:
⚬ 1ST = 10 POINTS ⚬ 4TH = 4 POINTS
⚬ 2ND = 8 POINTS ⚬ 5th = 2 points
⚬ 3RD = 6 POINTS ⚬ 6th = 1 point
• FOR A DUAL MEET (TWO TEAMS) THE
SCORING FOR EACH RACE OR FIELD EVENT IS
GENERALLY AS FOLLOWS:

⚬ 1ST = 3 POINTS
⚬ 2ND = 2 POINTS
⚬ 3RD = 1 POINT
• IN A DUAL MEET, THE WINNING RELAY TEAM
IS THE ONLY TEAM TO GET POINTS FOR THAT
EVENT.

• FOR A TRIANGULAR MEET (THREE TEAMS) OR

A QUAD MEET (FOUR TEAMS) THE SCORING
FOR EACH RACE OR FIELD EVENT IS AS
FOLLOWS:

⚬ 1ST = 5 POINTS
⚬ 2ND = 3 POINTS
⚬ 3RD = 1 POINT
HURDLING
 TECHNICALITIES OF
• THE START HURDLING
AND APPROACH
⚬ IN SPRINT HURDLING, THE FIRST HURDLE
IS ONLY SOME SEVEN OR EIGHT STRIDES
AWAY SO THE ATHLETE MUST COME
UPRIGHT AT THE 3RD OR 4TH STRIDE,
MUCH EARLIER THAN THE SPRINTER.
• HURDLE CLEARANCE
⚬ THE ATHLETE MUST ATTACK THE
HURDLE AND AIM TO CLEAR IT, BY
APPROX. 17 TO 18 CM, AS QUICKLY AND
EFFICIENTLY AS POSSIBLE, RAISING
THEIR CENTRE OF GRAVITY ONLY A
LITTLE MORE THAN IN A NORMAL
SPRINT ACTION.
• LEG ACTION
⚬ THE LAST STRIDE OF THE APPROACH TO
THE FIRST HURDLE IS SHORTENED TO
ALLOW THE TAKE-OFF LEG TO MOVE
RAPIDLY UNDER THE HIPS. THE TAKE-OFF
DISTANCE IS 1.98 METRES TO 2.29 METRES
(6½ TO 7½ FEET) FROM THE HURDLE. THE
BODY'S CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS AHEAD OF
THE FOOT ON TAKE-OFF.
• ARM ACTION
⚬ AS IN SPRINTING, THE ARMS ACT TO
BALANCE THE BODY AND COUNTER THE
ROTATIONS PRODUCED BY THE LEGS. THE
ARM OPPOSITE TO THE LEAD LEG LEADS
THE ACTION INTO THE HURDLE AND
PUSHES/DIVES FORWARDS AS THE LEAD
LEG RISES.
• RUNNING BETWEEN HURDLES
⚬ THREE STRIDES ARE USED TO COVER
THE GROUND BETWEEN THE HURDLES.
TO ACHIEVE THIS, THE ATHLETE HAS TO
MODIFY HIS SPRINTING TECHNIQUE TO
MAKE IT FIT THE GAP. A FAST LEG
CADENCE AND A SHORTER STRIDE
LENGTH ARE NEEDED.
 RULES OF HURDLING
• SET UP THE PLACEMENT OF THE HURDLES
DEPENDS ON THE LENGTH OF THE RACE
AND THE SEX OF THE ATHLETE.
• TEN HURDLES ARE USED IN THE 100-
METER, 110-METER AND 400-METER
HURDLE RACES.
• MEN RUN THE 110 RACES WITH 9.14
METERS BETWEEN HURDLES AND
WOMEN RUN THE 100 RACES WITH 8.5
METERS BETWEEN HURDLES,
ACCORDING TO IAAF RULES.

• BOTH MEN AND WOMEN RUN THE 400

RACES WITH 35 METERS BETWEEN
HURDLES.
• HURDLES ARE 106.7 CENTIMETERS TALL
FOR MEN AND 83.8 CENTIMETERS TALL
FOR WOMEN IN THE 110 AND 100 RACES.

• HURDLES ARE 91.4 CENTIMETERS TALL

FOR MEN AND 76.2 CENTIMETERS TALL
FOR WOMEN IN THE 400 RACES.
SCORING OF HURDLING
• RUNNERS MUST REMAIN IN ASSIGNED LANES
THROUGHOUT A RACE, AND, ALTHOUGH
THEY MAY KNOCK HURDLES DOWN WHILE
RUNNING OVER THEM, A RUNNER WHO
TRAILS A FOOT OR LEG ALONGSIDE A
HURDLE OR KNOCKS IT DOWN WITH A HAND
IS DISQUALIFIED. THE FIRST HURDLER TO
COMPLETE THE COURSE IS THE WINNER.
Thank you!
P R E S E N T E D B Y:
ABALOS BRIONES
ABRENICA BUGARIN
ABRIEL CARILLO
ACLAN CASTRO
AIS C L AV E
BALHAG D AV I D
BANDIES D E M E T I TA
B ATA L L A DIMAANDAL
B AY B AY E VA N G E L I S TA