IMM –urile in context

european

Tarliman(Negrea)
Doina
 Cuprins
• IMM-urile in context european

• Studiu de caz – Analiza supply chain CLINICCO

• EU Implications

• Emerging topics in SCM

• Globalisation
 Supply Chain Management
Chen and Paulraj, 2004, p. 119
Supply chain management (SCM) can be defined as “a network of materials,
information and services processing links with the characteristics of supply,
transformation and demand”

Slack et al., 2004, p. 444

“SCM is concerned with managing the flow of materials and information
between the operations which form the strands or ‘chains’ of a supply
Network”

Mentzer et al., 2008 p. 32 (Supply Chain Research Group, University of

Tennessee)
SCM can be defined as “the systematic, strategic coordination of the
traditional business functions within a particular company across businesses
within the supply chain, for the purpose of improving the long-term
performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole”.
 What is a Supply Chain?
Flow of:
•Information
•Funds
•Products/materials
Internal Supply Chain

2nd tier 1st tier Purchasing Production Distributors Retailers Customers

Suppliers Suppliers

Inbound Outbound
Logistics Logistics
(Chen and Paulraj, 2004)

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 Supply Chain Management
• Estimated that the grocery industry could save $30 billion
(10% of operating cost) by using effective logistics and
supply chain strategies
– A typical box of cereal spends 104 days from factory to sale
– A typical car spends 15 days from factory to dealership
• Compaq estimates it lost $.5 billion to $1 billion in sales
in 1995 because laptops were not available when and
where needed
• P&G estimates it saved retail customers $65 million by
collaboration resulting in a better match of supply and
demand
“Competition is no longer company
versus company but supply chain
versus supply chain”

(Christopher, 1999)
 Supply Chain Macro Processes

Supplier Firm Customer

SRM ISCM CRM

(Supplier Relationship (Internal Supply Chain (Customer Relationship
Management) Management) Management)
• Source • Strategic Planning • Market
• Negotiate • Demand Planning • Price
• Buy • Supply Planning • Sell
• Design Collaboration • Fulfillment • Call Center
• Supply Collaboration • Field Services • Order Management

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 Research Topics
• SCM Strategy
– Strategic alignment between the SC and the focal firm.
• SCM Frameworks, Trends and Challenges
– Definitions, categorization, historical reviews, problems, benefits,
trends
• Alliances/Relationships
– The relationship between the focal firm and its business partners
or between various suppliers to the focal firm. Includes: Trust,
Commitment, Conflict, Power, Intra and Inter-firm Relationship
Building, Partnerships, Vertical and Horizontal Cooperation, and
Communications.
• E-Commerce and WWW
– The effect of e-Commerce and the Internet on the supply chain
includes: E-integration, E-procurement and Website Content.
 Research Topics
• Time-based strategies
– Managing supply chain inventories and building flexibility into
supply chains to meet demand. Includes: Just-in-time, Inventory
Management, Supply Chain Agility and Flexibility, Cycle time,
Postponement and Supplier Managed Inventory.
• Information technology
– The use of information technology or systems in the supply
chain. It involves both internal (decision support systems) and
external (EDI) IT tools, ranging from networking with supply
chain partners to strategic alignment of the IT function. Includes:
How IT Supports the Organization and Virtual Supply Chain,
EDI, Network Systems in Supply Chain and the Strategic
Alignment of IT.
• Quality
– Product and service quality output of the supply chain. Includes:
ISO and Quality Management Practices.
 Research Topics
• Supplier selection/management/development
– Supplier Selection Criteria, Supplier Training and Improvement
Supplier Monitoring, Management, and Assessment.
• Environmental/Social responsibility
– Ethical, environmental and social responsibility concerns faced
by organizations managing the supply chain. Includes:
Recovery, Scrap and Surplus, Environmental Policies,
Government Regulations, Diversity Policies and Practices,
Human Rights.
• Outsourcing
– Outsourcing the Supply Chain processes. Includes: Third-Party
Logistics and Contract Manufacturing.
• Buyer Behavior
– Inter-firm behaviors and activities. Includes: Virtual Teams,
Negotiations, New Product Development, Internal Integration,
Information Flows, and Organizational Decision Processes.
 Research Topics
• HR Management
– The process of establishing necessary reporting relationships
between and among firms, as well as HR issues that affect the
day-to-day performance of supply chain personnel. Includes:
Organizational Change, Virtual Organizations, Organizational
Effectiveness, Responsiveness vs. Anticipatory Management
styles, Organization Learning Skills, Tacit Knowledge, Job
Roles, Role Conflict, and Purchasing Skills.
• International/Global
– Globalization of the supply chain. Includes: Global Logistics,
Cultural Issues, International Logistics, Distribution, International
Trade, Global Supply and Demand, and Worldwide Sourcing.
 EU Implications
• Europeanization effects the management of Supply
Chains;
• According to Ladrech’s (1994, p. 69) Europeanization is
“an incremental process reorientation the direction and
shape of [national] politics to the degree that EC political
and economic dynamics become part of the
organisational logic of national politics and policy-
making”
• Europeanization is depicted as taking effect within
member-states, downplaying the role played by actors
within these states in contributing to its constitutive
processes via boundary-spanning networks
 EU Implications
• With European companies increasingly looking to
outsource the production of their products to cost-
competitive countries the guarantee of quality standards,
transparency and traceability in the whole supply chain
has become an increasingly important market access
requirement
• Supply chain management is including the whole
production process from supplier to manufacturer to
wholesaler to retailer to consumer. In other words, being
aware of every step a product travels from scratch to the
final consumer.
• Due to complicated trading structures with more partners
involved and spread through several countries, control of
the whole supply chain has been extremely challenging
 EU Implications
• In cases of faulty products on the EU market, it often is
difficult for the responsible EU traders to trace all
partners in the trading chain.
• Consequently the EU private sector focuses on supply
chain management to avoid risks and negative media
coverage leading to decreasing sales.
• Supply chain management includes requirements on
tracking and tracing, transparency and traceability. It
includes products and their production process, social
and environmental effects, information, administration
and finances.
 EU Implications
• For suppliers in developing countries the impact
of supply chain management might be twofold:
– to comply with the requirements from their EU trading
partners and to pass on EU requirements
– to their own suppliers in the chain in case they buy
products/materials as well.
• Example: A producer of electronic components
selling to the EU is not required to CE mark his
component according the EU legislation.
However, the EU buyer who will manufacture the
final electronic might request certain CE
requirements in order to CE mark the final
product.
 Emerging topics in SCM

• Supply Chain Risk Management

• Supply Chain Management Security
• Sustainable Supply Chain Management
• Human Resource Issues
• Supply Chain Management in Service Industries
• Supply Chain Performance Management
Globalisation
“Being able to connect to global markets is
fast becoming a key aspect of a country’s
capacity to compete, grow, attract
investment, create jobs and reduce
poverty. “
(Danny Leipziger, World Bank)
Thank you for your attention