Week 2 : Element 2

1) Outline the precautions to be used when using a

mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) to reach a
high point such as a streetlight. (8)

the need to inspect the equipment before use & to ensure it

is in a good state of repair;
 using only competent workers using outriggers & brakes;
 erecting warning signs & barriers to avoid collisions;
 ensuring the platform is not overloaded;
 avoiding overhead obstructions;
 & wearing a harness.
the protection of those at ground level, © CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
2) Diesel powered fork-lift trucks are used in a
wide range of organisations and can introduce
additional hazards into a working environment
(a) Identify FOUR hazards associated with such
vehicles that may pose a risk to the health of
drivers (4)
(b) Describe the various circumstances that may
cause such a vehicle to overturn (8)
(c) Outline the precautions that may be needed to
ensure the safety of pedestrians in areas where
fork trucks are operation (8)

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
2) a) and b)
Fumes/Fire/Explosion
Fuel storage
Refuelling of
vehicle
insecure, excessive or uneven loading;
incorrect elevation of forks when traveling;
uneven or unconsolidated ground;
slopes (& incorrect procedures for dealing with
them);
obstructions (overhead or low level) or changes
in level (e.g. edges of loading bays);
cornering at excessive speeds;
sudden braking;
poor condition of tyres, brakes;
Other mechanical failures © CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
2) a) and b)
Fumes/Fire/Explosion
Fuel storage
Refuelling of
vehicle
insecure, excessive or uneven loading;
incorrect elevation of forks when traveling;
uneven or unconsolidated ground;
slopes (& incorrect procedures for dealing with
them);
obstructions (overhead or low level) or changes
in level (e.g. edges of loading bays);
cornering at excessive speeds;
sudden braking;
poor condition of tyres, brakes;
Other mechanical failures © CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
2) c)
 segregated systems for fork trucks & pedestrian traffic,
 appropriate road markings,
 maintaining good visibility (mirrors, transparent doors, provision of
lighting etc) & audible warnings on vehicles.
 drawing up & enforcement of site rules,
 the provision of refuges,
 the wearing of high-visibility clothing,
 a good standard of housekeeping,
 training for all concerned,
 supervision

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
3) Outline the health and safety considerations
when a fork lift truck is to be used to unload
palletised goods from a vehicle parked in a
factory car park (8)

Suitable fork lift truck

Properly trained driver
Good ground conditions
Manouvrerability
Good all round visibility
Load properly secured on pallet
Warning of unloading
Car movements
Pedestrians
Adequate lighting
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
4) Outline the hazards and the corresponding
precautions to be taken when charging
batteries for fork lift trucks (8)

Corrosive battery acids

Electrical short circuits
Release of hydrogen
Fire/explosion,
Corrosion
Ventilation,
Sources of ignition
Manual Handling

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
 5) Outline the factors that should be taken into
account when planning traffic routes for internal
transport (8)
adequate width of traffic routes with the avoidance of blind
corners;
 separation of vehicles & pedestrians with the provision of
barriers & refuges;
 a one-way system with turning circles to reduce the need for
reversing;
 firm, even & well maintained road surfaces;
 roadways unobstructed & signed to indicate speed limits, rights
of way & no entry;
 visibility aids such as mirrors, transparent screens across
doorways & lighting; traffic calming measures such as road
humps;
 marked pedestrian crossings points on vehicle routes © CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
 6) Outline measures to be taken to prevent
accidents when pedestrians are required to
work in vehicle manoeuvring areas. (8)
segregated systems for vehicular & pedestrian traffic,
 appropriate road markings,
 maintaining good visibility (mirrors, transparent doors,
provision of lighting etc) & audible warnings on vehicles.
Other relevant measures that were mentioned included the:
 drawing up & enforcement of site rules,
 the provision of refuges,
 the wearing of high-visibility clothing,
 a good standard of housekeeping,
 & training for, & supervision of all concerned.
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
 7) Outline the precautionary measures to be
taken to avoid accidents involving reversing
vehicles within a workplace. (8)
avoiding the need for vehicles to reverse (one-
way & “drive-through” systems, turning circles
etc),
 through the separation of vehicles & pedestrians
(barriers, signs, etc),
 & aspects of vehicles & workplace design
(audible alarms, mirrors on vehicles & at blind
corners, refuges, lighting, etc),
 to procedural measures (use of banksmen, site
rules, driver training, etc).
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
8) List EIGHT rules to follow when a fork-lift
truck is left unattended in a workplace. (8)

returning the truck to a designated parking area,

 applying the brake
 leaving controls in a neutral position
 Switching off the ignition
 ensuring the forks are resting on the floor
 the mast tilted slightly forward,
 avoiding the obstruction of walkways, exits & fire points,
 removing the ignition key & returning it to a responsible
person.

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
9) Outline the precautions to be taken to ensure the
safe transport of hazardous substances by road (8)
Suitable vehicle
Vehicle clearly marked
Trained and competent driver
Information available with driver on load
Substance stored
in suitable containers Containers clearly
marked
Segregation of different substances
Facilities for safe loading and
unloading Travel
on suitable route

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
10) List EIGHT rules to be followed to minimise the
risk of fork lift trucks overturning (8)

Ensure truck not overloaded

Load properly secure
Correct elevation of forks when traveling
Ground conditions properly maintained
Avoid slopes or have procedures to deal with them
Avoid obstructions (overhead or low level) or
changes in level (e.g. edges of loading bays);
Driving at correct speed
Avoid sudden braking;
Vehicle properly maintained
Daily vehicle checks
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
11) List the ways in which a fork lift truck may
become unstable whist in operation (8)

insecure, excessive or uneven loading;

incorrect elevation of forks when traveling;
uneven or unconsolidated ground;
slopes (& incorrect procedures for dealing with
them);
obstructions (overhead or low level) or changes
in level (e.g. edges of loading bays);
cornering at excessive speeds;
sudden braking;
poor condition of tyres, brakes;
Other mechanical failures
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
13) Outline the factors to consider when assessing
the risks to a long distance lorry driver (8)
Journey duration
Driving hours
Route e.g. type of roads
Weather conditions
Communications
, Supervision
Security
Type of load and value of load
Risk of violence
Cab layout e.g. ergonomic conditions
Handling of
loads Training for
special skills: © CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
14) An employee has been seriously injured after
being struck by a reversing vehicle in a loading
bay.
a) Give FOUR reasons why the accident should be
investigated by the persons employer (4)
b) Outline the information that should be included
in the investigation report (8)
c) Outline FOUR possible immediate causes and
FOUR possible underlying root causes of the
accident (8)

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
14) a)
identify the immediate & root causes in order to
prevent similar accidents occurring in the future.
possible weaknesses in risk assessment
processes & other aspects of safety management
systems.
collecting evidence to defend a civil claim,
 determining economic loss
 demonstrating management commitment to
occupational health & safety.

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
 14) b)
the personal details of the injured party, time & location of
the accident,
 environmental conditions, the work activity at the time of
the accident,
 the control measures in place,
 the precise circumstances of the accident,
 the type & extent of injury sustained,
 details of witnesses & copies of their statements where
taken,
 drawings & photographs,
 immediate & root causes identified,
 possible breaches of the law,
 & the recommendations of the investigation team in
relation to remedial action required.
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
 14) c)
Immediate causes
human error
failure to comply with procedures,
 restricted view for the driver,
 environmental conditions such as high noise levels.
Underlying causes could have included:
 lack of driver &/or other employee training,
 lack of supervision,
 absence of site rules or procedures for the control of
reversing vehicles,
 failure to separate vehicular & pedestrian traffic,
 & a lack of maintenance of vehicles &/or the workplace.

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
 15) Outline the means by which the risk of
accidents involving reversing vehicles
within a workplace can be reduced (8)
avoiding the need for vehicles to reverse (one-
way & “drive-through” systems, turning circles
etc),
 through the separation of vehicles & pedestrians
(barriers, signs, etc),
 & aspects of vehicles & workplace design
(audible alarms, mirrors on vehicles & at blind
corners, refuges, lighting, etc),
 to procedural measures (use of banksmen, site
rules, driver training, etc).
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
16) Outline the factors to consider when assessing
the risks to an overnight delivery driver (8)
Journey duration
Driving hours
Route e.g. type of roads
Weather conditions
Communications
, Supervision
Security
Type of load and value of load
Risk of violence
Cab layout e.g. ergonomic conditions
Handling of
loads Tiredness
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
 17) Outline the precautions that might be needed to
ensure the safety of pedestrians in vehicle
manoeuvering areas in a busy distribution depot (8)

segregated systems for vehicular & pedestrian traffic,

 appropriate road markings,
 maintaining good visibility (mirrors, transparent doors,
provision of lighting etc) & audible warnings on vehicles.
Other relevant measures that were mentioned included the:
 drawing up & enforcement of site rules,
 the provision of refuges,
 the wearing of high-visibility clothing,
 a good standard of housekeeping,
 & training for, & supervision of all concerned.
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
18) A fork lift truck has over turned in a busy
warehouse. Identify EIGHT ways this might have
occurred (8)
insecure, excessive or uneven loading;
incorrect elevation of forks when traveling;
uneven or unconsolidated ground;
slopes (& incorrect procedures for dealing with
them);
obstructions (overhead or low level) or changes
in level (e.g. edges of loading bays);
cornering at excessive speeds;
sudden braking;
poor condition of tyres, brakes;
Other mechanical failures
© CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
19) Outline the specific hazards that may be
encountered in motor vehicle repair
premises (8)

Electricity, Fuels, Burning gases, Fire,

Fumes, Paints, Pits, Hoists, Falling objects,
Vehicle movements, Chemicals,Manual
Handling, Slippery floors, Noise,
Compressed air.

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
 20) List EIGHT items to be included on a
checklist for the routine inspection of a fork-
lift truck at the beginning of a shift. (8)
the condition & pressure of tyres,
 the integrity & proper functioning of lights, horn,
brakes & mirrors,
 the absence of oil leaks
 a seat that is securely fixed (with properly
functioning & intact restraints where fitted).
The fork-lift truck should also be checked for
obvious signs of damage to bodywork & lifting
mechanism, & for the security of any equipment
fitted such as an LPG tank. © CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
21) A driver of a fork lift truck has been
seriously injured after the vehicle overturned.
a) Outline the possible immediate causes of the
accident in terms of BOTH the behaviour of the
driver AND the conditions of the workplace and
work equipment (10)
b) Describe the underlying factors that may
have led to the unsafe acts or conditions
identified in a) (10)

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
21) a) Driver
Cornering to fast
Hitting obstructions
Driving on uneven ground
Turning on slopes
Driving with unstable or excessive load
Colliding with another vehicle
Driving under effects of drugs and alcohol
Condition of workplace and work equipment
Potholes
Defective brakes
Tyres under inflated or in poor condition
Mechanical failure

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2
21) b)
b) Poor perception of risk
Unfamiliarity with workplace
High workload causing driver to hurry
Poor vehicle selection
Inadequate driver training
Poor employee selection procedures
Inadequate maintenance procedures
Poor or no risk assessment
Failure to develop a safe system of work
No defect reporting procedure
Lack of daily fork lift truck inspection
Lack of management commitment
No supervision

© CHSS Ltd 2006

Sales ref: sc/591/v2