Week 2 : Element 1

1) Outline the practical precautions that might

need to be taken prior to the repair of a large item
of process machinery. (8)
PTW system
Isolation of any services or pipelines to the
machine;
 the provision of safe access;
 segregation by the erection of barriers & warning
signs; ensuring availability & use of appropriate
PPE (e.g. gloves, eye protection, etc);
 & employing only skilled & competent personnel
to carry out the work © CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
2) Outline EIGHT factors that may be important in
in determining the maintenance requirements of
an item of work equipment (8)

The location of the equipment

Is it capable of being Isolated/locking off
Dissipation of stored energy
Segregation
Safe means of access and egress
Is PPE required
Are personnel trained and competent
Are there heat or cold problems
Chemicals
Biological

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3) a) Identify the specific hazards associated with
routine maintenance work (4)
b) Outline how the hazards identified in a) may be
controlled (4)

Electricity
Stored energy
Access and egress
hot or cold
Chemicals
Biological
Working at height
Confined spaces

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5) a) Provide sketches to show clearly the nature
of the following mechanical hazards from moving
parts of machinery:
(i) entanglement (2)
(ii) crushing (2)
(iii) drawing-in. (2)
(b) Outline the issues that should be addressed in
assessing the appropriateness & suitability of a
fixed guard used to protect against dangerous
parts of a machine. (6)
(c) Identify FOUR non-mechanical hazards to
which woodworking machine operators may be
exposed & outline the possible health & safety
effects in EACH case. (8)

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Mechanical Hazards Drawings

Entanglement Shearing
Drawing in Crushing

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 Questions & Answers Section 5
6. Sketch and describe FOUR types of mechanical hazard that may be
present in a machine (8)

i) Entanglement ii) Cutting

iii) Drawing-In iv) Stabbing

Arrows must show

hazard © CHSS Ltd 2006
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 5) b) assess the strength and suitability
 rigidity & durability of the material from which the guard is made,
 the security of its fastenings in requiring a special tool for its
removal,
 & the importance of securing sufficient ventilation when required.
the use of a fixed guard only when frequent removal of the
protection is not required,
 the need to ensure that the guard neither interferes with the
operation of the machine nor obstructs the vision of the operator,
 Any openings in the guard should be of such size as to prevent
access to the danger point.

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 5) c)
dust (causing lung disorders & fires/explosions),
 noise (resulting in hearing loss or tinnitus),
 vibration (causing hand-arm vibration syndrome),
 splinters (resulting in injuries to the eye, cuts &
infection),
 manual handling (which could result in
musculoskeletal disorders),
 & electricity (with its associated risk of shock,
electrical burns & fire).

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6) Outline the precautions that might be taken to
reduce the risk of injury when using stepladders (8)

the need to ensure that the stepladder is inspected

for defects before use;
 that it is correctly erected on level ground with its
chain or rope fully extended;
 that it is suitable for the task to be performed &
does not involve carrying out work from the top
step;
 that it is footed by a second person when
necessary;
 that it is correctly positioned to avoid over-
reaching;
 it is not overloaded. © CHSS Ltd 2006
Sales ref: sc/591/v2
7) A cleaner is required to polish floors using a
rotary floor polisher.
(i) Identify the hazards that might be
associated with this operation. (4)
(ii) Outline suitable control measures that might
be used to minimise the risk. (4)

(1) entanglement, slips, trips & falls;

noise & vibration;
electrical & ergonomic hazards;
& the possible use of chemical cleaning agents.

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 7) b) guarding,
 cable management,
 isolation of the machine for changing brushes,
 the wearing of appropriate footwear,
 regular maintenance & testing of the machine,
 together with the use of residual current devices,
 & the provision of training for the operator with
emphasis placed on pre-use checks.

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 8) Outline the possible effects of FOUR
NON-MECHANICAL hazards commonly
encountered in a woodworking shop. (8)
dust from sawing & sanding operations (leading to lung
disorders & possibly cancer);
 chemical hazards from varnishes, glues etc (leading to a
range of ill-health effects);
 noise from machinery (causing noise-induced hearing loss
& other auditory & non-auditory effects);
 sharps & splinters (causing eye injuries, cuts & infections);
manual handling hazards (resulting in musculoskeletal
disorders);
 & electricity 9causing shocks, burns & fire).
© CHSS Ltd 2006
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9) An employee is engaged in general
cleaning activities in a large veterinary
practice.
(i) Identify FOUR specific types of hazard
that the cleaner might face when
undertaking the cleaning. (4)
(ii) Outline the precautions that could be
taken to minimise the risk of harm from
these hazards. (4)

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 9) a) cleaning fluids,
 manual handling,
 slips/trips/falls & sharp objects,
 & those associated with the working environment,
 such as biological hazards,
 contact with animals,
 & those arising from the use of specialised equipment.
b) the provision & use of personal protective equipment
the introduction of a procedure for handling & disposal of
sharps,
 the need for animals to be kept in secure enclosures,
 possible need for immunisation against diseases known to
be transmitted by animals.
employee would need specific training in the precautions
outlined would have gained an additional mark. © CHSS Ltd 2006
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 10) Identify FOUR mechanical hazards
presented by pedestal drills & outline in
EACH case how injury may occur. (8)

 entanglement of hair with the drill bit or chuck,

 stabbing injuries from the end of the bit,
 contact with the drill bit or chuck resulting in abrasions,
 & ejection of, or impact by, unclamped workpieces, made
worse by the fact that the workpiece may be spinning at
fast speed on the bit.
Cutting hazards may also be presented by metal swarf
produced by the drilling process.

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11) (a) Identify:
(i) TWO mechanical hazards associated
with moving parts of machinery. (2)
(ii) TWO non-mechanical hazards to which
machine operator may be exposed. (2)
(b) Outline a hierarchy of control measures
that may be used to reduce the risk of injury
from dangerous parts of machinery. (4)

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 11) a) (1) Mechanical hazards (I.e. those from ,moving
parts of machinery &/or the material being worked)
include:
 impact, entanglement, crushing, shearing, ejection, cutting
& abrasion,
(2) non-mechanical machinery hazards includes:
 noise, vibration, electricity , hazardous substances,
radiation, extremes of temperature & ergonomic issues.
b) fixed guards,
other types of guards or protective devices,
safety aids such as jigs, holders & push-sticks,
the provision of information, instruction, training &
supervision,

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12) (a) Outline the principles of the following types
of machine guard:
(i) A fixed guard (2)
(ii) An interlocked guard. (2)
(b) Identify TWO advantages & TWO disadvantages
of a fixed machine guard. (4)

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12) a) A fixed guard is physically attached to the
machine & normally requires a special tool to remove
it. Provides a physical barrier that has no moving parts
& is not linked to the controls, motion or hazardous
condition of the machine.
Interlocked guards, on the other hand, work on the
principle that a machine cannot start or otherwise
become dangerous until the guard is closed, & that
when the machine is in a dangerous condition either
the guard cannot be operated or opening the guard
causes the machine to come to a rest.

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12) b) Advantages
A fixed guard means it is easy to inspect & maintain
Requires a tool to remove it
there are no moving parts leads to increased reliability
Disadvantages
It is not linked to the machine controls which means that
no protection is afforded should it be removed
since it is fixed & requires a special tool for its removal,
access, when required, is more difficult.
A physical barrier, particularly if it is solid rather than
meshed, may also hamper visual inspection of the
machine or the work being performed.

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13) List EIGHT types of non-mechanical
associated with machinery (8)

Chemical/dust/fumes etc.
Noise & Vibration
Fire/explosion
Hot surfaces
Temperature
Electricity
Radiation
Biological
Ergonomics
Access

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14) Identify FOUR hazards when cutting grass on
roadside verges with a rider-operated motor-
mower & outline the precautions to be taken
against EACH one. (8)
fast rotating blades & the potential for the machine to
overturn when operating on inclines.
noise & vibration,
 collision with road traffic or pedestrians,
 fumes,
 dust,
 flying objects (e.g. stones from the machine),
 & hazards associated with fuel.
Environmental issues such as extreme exposure to
sunlight & the presence of stinging insects.
© CHSS Ltd 2006
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15) Outline the issues that should be
considered to ensure the health and safety
of cleaners employed in a school out of
normal working hours (8)

3 Areas

1) General Cleaning (Chemicals,Electrical,

Sharp objects, Manual handling)
2) School Situation (Labs, Workshops)
3) Out of hours working (Lone working,
Communication, Supervision etc:

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