Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENGR221 Lecture 27
ENGR221 Lecture 27
ENGR221 Lecture 27
ENGR 221
April 23, 2003
Lecture Goals
• Energy
• Work
• Examples
Work and Energy Methods
dv dv dx
a
dt dx dt
adx vdv
s v1
adx vdv
0 0
Energy Method
P
Substitute in
s s
P cos mg sin R
0
dx m ax dx
0
v1
v12
m vdv m
0
2
Kinetic Energy
1 2
T mv
2
The units in SI are Joules (N-m) or (English) ft-lbs
Kinetic Energy
dvt dvt ds
at
dt ds dt
at ds vt dvt
Kinetic Energy
P cos mg sin R
0
ds mvdv
v1
v22 v12
m
2 2
Work
Work done (U) by the force is the product of a magnitude
of P and the rectangular components of the displacement
in direction of the force d cos .
U P d - Scalar Quantities
dU P dx
Pds cos
Px dx Py dy Pz dz
Work
The work done by the system is defined as.
2
U12 dU
1
x2 y2 z2
P dx P dy P dz
x1
x
y1
y
z1
z
Work
If the constant force P
x2 y2 z2
U12 P dx P dy P dz
x1
x
y1
y
z1
z
x2 y2 z2
Px dx Py dy Pz dz
x1 y1 z1
Px x2 x1 Py y2 y1 Pz z 2 z1
Massless Springs
U12 Pd k d
1 1
2
2
k k2 1
2 2
Principle of Work and Kinetic
Energy
The principle of work and kinetic energy is defined as a
conservative system.
T1 U12 T2
initial kinetic work final kinetic
energy done energy
Problem Solving Technique
y
F N W P sin 0
30 o
F N 0.30 341.45 N
102.44 N
Example Problem – Energy
U F s
Uw 441.45 N j 3 m i 0
UN 341.45 N j 3 m i 0
UF 102.44 N i 3 m i 307.32 N-m
UP 200 N cos 30 i 200 N sin 30 j 3 m i 519.62 N-m
o o
Example Problem
– Energy
The total work done
200 N cos 30o 102.44 N 3 m
212.30 N-m
Example Problem
– Energy
The kinetic energy(initially) is zero,
so
T1 U12 T2
0 212.3 N-m 22.5 kg v 2
2
v2 3.07 m/s
Example Problem
– Energy
The kinetic energy(initially) is zero,
so
T1 U12 T2
This is the same as
1 2 1
T2 mv2 45 kg v2
2
2 2
22.5 kg v22
Class Problem – Energy
An automobile weighing 4000 lb
is driven down a 5o incline at a
speed of 60 mph when the brakes
are applied, causing a constant
total braking force (applied by
the road on the tires) of 1500 lb.
Determine the distance traveled
by the automobile as it comes to
a stop.
Class Problem – Energy
Draw the free-body diagram of
the problem
Example Problem – Work
A bushing slides on a shaft that
forms a 30o angle with respect to
the x axis. It is acted on by a
constant force
F 2i 3 j N
cos 30 i sin 30 j
o o
3 1
i j
2 2
Example Problem – Work
To compute the U1--> 2 Use the integral of the path.
So 2 3 m
dU F d
1 0
3m
3 1
2i 3 j N i j ds
0 2 2
3m
3 1
2 3 ds
0 2 2
Example Problem – Work
To compute the U1--> 2 Use the integral of the path.
So
2 3m
3 1 3m
dU 2 3 ds 3.232 N ds
1 0 2 2 0
y
F N 6 slugs 32.2 ft/s 2
0
cos 30 o
N 167.3 lb
U T1 T i 5 ft i 5T ft-lb
U T2 T j 5 ft j 5T ft-lb
Example Problem – Energy
The other components of work are
U 6 slug 6 slug 32.2 ft/s 2 sin 30o
i 5 ft i 483 ft-lb
U F 16.73 lb i 5 ft i 83.65 ft-lb
U 4 slug 4 slug 32.2 ft/s j 5 ft j 644 ft-lb
2
T1 U12 T2
1 2
0 77.35 ft-lb mv
2
1
6 slug 4 slug 77.35 ft-lb
v 2
2
v 3.93 ft/s
Class Problem – Energy
Two blocks are joined by an
inextensible cable. If the system
is released from rest, determine
the velocity of block A after it is
moved 2 m. Assume the
equals 0.25 between block A and
the plane and that the pulley is
weightless and frictionless.
Class Problem – Energy