CELL

CYCLE
 LESSON OBJECTIVE:
• Describe the stages of
mitosis and meiosis
• Explain the significance or
applications of mitosis/
meiosis
• Identify disorders and
diseases that result from the
malfunction of the cell
during the cell cycle
G2 Phase: Interphase :
• Cell synthesize additional protein and • Cell double its
continue to increase size. cytoplasm
• Synthesize
DNA
• 90 – 95% time
were spend by
dividing cell in
this phase.
G1 Phase:
• Cell increase in
S Phase:
mass and
• Phase where DNA is
synthesize organelle number
• Chromosome content in preparation for
is doubled cell division
GENOME
• Full set of DNA

KARYOTYPE
• the number and visual appearance of the
chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism
or species.
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES/
disorder, anomaly, aberration,
or mutation
- Errors in mitosis, meiosis.

Aneuploidy
-gain or loss of chromosome in the cell division
 ANEUPLOIDY

HYPOPLOIDY HYPERPLOIDY
-when chromosome -when chromosome
number decrease from number increase from
normal normal

MONOSOMY NULLISOMY TRISOMY TERTRASOMY

(2n-1) (2n-2) (2n+1) (2n+2)
• TURNER’S SYNDROME: • NO GENETIC INFO IN THE
45 X0 Condition CELL
• CRI-DU-CHAT SYNDROME: • BOTH CHROMOSOME
Deletion of chromosome arm MISSING
P of 5th Chromosome: • Nullisomic gametes are
(5 p DELETION SYNDROME rendered unavailable for
or 5p MINUS) fertilization
MONOSOMY
 • EXTREME SUPER MALE: 48,XXYY
(EXTREME JACOBS SYNDROME)
AUTOSOMAL • EXTREME SUPER FEMALE:48,XXXX
RELATED • EXTREME KLINEFELTER
SYNDROME:48,XXXY
• DOWN’S SYNDROME
D (TRISOMY 21) SEX
• EDWARD’S
E SYNDROME
RELATED

(TRISOMY 18)
P • PATAUS SYNDROME • SUPER MALE: 47,XYY
(JACOBS SYNDROME)
(TRISOMY 13)
• WARKANY SYNDROME • SUPER FEMALE:47,XXX
• KLINEFELTER SYNDROME:47,XXY
(TRISOMY 8)
TRISOMY
 SEX
RELATED
TRISOMY
Jacob Syndrome
(XYY SYNDROME/ 47, XYY)
Signs:
-learning disability
-speech delay
-low muscle tone (hypotonia)
-Taller than expected
 SUPER FEMALE:47,XXX/
TRIPLE X SYNDROME
• Presence of additional X chromosome of female
cell.
• Cause by nondisjunction of the chromosome
Sign:
-taller than average
-increase risk of learning disabilities, delayed
development of speech, motor skills, hypotonia.
 KLINEFELTER
SYNDROME: 47, XXY
• Genetic condition result when a boy is
born with extra copy of X chromosome.
 BABIES TEENS ADULT
• Weak • taller than average stature Low sperm count or no
muscles • Longer legs, shorter torso and sperm
• Slow motor broader hips compared with other Small testicles and
developme boys penis
nt — taking • Absent, delayed or incomplete Low sex drive
longer than puberty Taller than average
average to • After puberty, less muscle and height
sit up, less facial and body hair Weak bones
crawl and compared with other teen Decreased facial and
walk • small, firm testicles body hair
• Delay in • Small penis Less muscular
speaking • Enlarged breast tissue compared with other
• Problems (gynecomastia) men
at birth, • Weak bones Enlarged breast tissue
such as • Low energy levels Increased belly fat
testicles • Tendency to be shy and sensitive
that • Difficulty expressing thoughts
haven't and feelings or socializing
descended • Problems with reading, writing,
into the spelling or mat
scrotum
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdG_Fi0YE2s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MP3mm04OrQg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZan99Pe-V4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFP671hzciI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNgU2Xuzyqc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJoXpMEhbj4
Credits to the following YouTube
Channel (Links below):

Khan Academy
• https://
www.youtube.com/channel/UC4a-Gbdw7v
OaccHmFo40b9g\
Amoeba Sisters
• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2G
CoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g