Writing

A Cause Paragraph II
 Chapter 2-Cause Paragraph
- Making an Outline
- Introducing Examples
- Writing a Concluding Sentence
-Writing Coherent Paragraphs
 Employee Demotivation

(1) Employees lose their motivation at work for a number of reasons. (2)First, feeling
undervalued at work is a major factor that causes employees to lose their motivation.
(3) Employees want to be recognized or rewarded for their contributions to work. (4)
If they are not appreciated by their boss or co-workers, their productivity is likely to
decrease. (5)Another factor in employee demotivation is low self-confidence. (6)
Employees with low self-confidence are less likely to take risks due to the fear of not
succeeding; therefore, they tend to deal with less risky tasks which will eventually be
exhausting and lead to loss of motivation. (7) A final factor is strict rules at
workplace. (8) Employees feel stressed and discouraged in an inflexible working
atmosphere, and this may result in frustration and loss of interest in their routine tasks
at work. (9 ) In conclusion, not being appreciated, low self-confidence, and rigid
policies are to be blamed for demotivation in the workplace.
 Read the Paragraph, and Write the connecting words and the number of sentences that belong to each section.
Employee Demotivation

(1) Employees lose their motivation at work for a number

of reasons. (2)First, feeling undervalued at work is a Section Sentence Connecting
major factor that causes employees to lose their Number(s) Word(s)
motivation. (3) Employees want to be recognized or
Topic Sentence 1 X
rewarded for their contributions to work. (4) If they are
not appreciated by their boss or co-workers, their Supporting Sentence 1 2 First, a major
productivity is likely to decrease. (5)Another factor in (Reason 1)
factor
employee demotivation is low self-confidence. (6)
Employees with low self-confidence are less likely to take Details/Discussion 3 4 X
risks due to the fear of not succeeding; therefore, they Supporting Sentence 2 5 Another
tend to deal with less risky tasks which will eventually be (Reason 2) factor,
exhausting and lead to loss of motivation. (7) A final
factor is strict rules at workplace. (8) Employees feel Details/Discussion due to,
6
stressed and discouraged in an inflexible working therefore
atmosphere, and this may result in frustration and loss of
Supporting Sentence 3 7
interest in their routine tasks at work. (9 ) In conclusion, A final
(Reason 3)
not being appreciated, low self-confidence, and rigid factor,
policies are to be blamed for demotivation in the Details/Discussion 8 and
workplace.
Concluding Sentence 9 In
conclusion,
 Employee Demotivation

3rd Supporting Idea

1st Supporting Idea 2nd Supporting Idea Strict rules
Feeling Undervalued Low self-esteem Detail 1: inflexible
Detail 1: fear of working hours
Detail 1: desire to be
failure Detail 2: frustration
recognized for their
Detail 2: doing and loss of interest
work
mundane tasks
Detail 2: desire to be
appreciated by the
boss &colleagues
 Writing supporting ideas + details

First, feeling undervalued at work is a major factor that causes employees to

REASONS

lose their motivation. (+ details)

Another factor in employee demotivation is low self-confidence. (+ details)

A final factor is strict rules at workplace. (+ details)

Explain / prove or support the idea with details!

Introducing Examples :

For example, Great success has been achieved with certain

For instance, + sentence illnesses. For example, the eradication of smallpox
To illustrate, was one of the most significant accomplishments of
the 20th century.

... such as Countries such as Sweden have a long record of

... like + noun welcoming refugees from all over the world.
Concluding sentence

→ is the last sentence of the paragraph.

→ starts with a transition signal. (in short, all in all, etc.)
summarizes the main points.
restates the topic sentence (is written in different words).
→ may include a comment, suggestion or prediction. (OPTIONAL)
Topic Sentence & the Concluding Sentence

Topic sentence: Employees lose their motivation at work for a number of reasons.
OR
There are several reasons why employees lose their motivation at work.

In conclusion, not being appreciated, low self-confidence, and rigid policies are to be
blamed for demotivation in the workplace.

In short, employee demotivation results from several factors.

Phrases to signal Concluding Sentence

In short, To sum up, Shortly,

In brief, To summarize, Briefly,

In conclusion, To conclude, In summary,

All in all, All things considered,

Write the concluding sentences for the topic sentences
below.

1-Studying at a good university is beneficial for students in many ways.

To conclude, a good university is a big chance for students because of its

benefits.

2- Many students feel that learning to write is a useless and time consuming
task.
To sum up, learning to write is a waste of time and an unnecessary task for a
number students.
 TITLE
Topic sentence (for several reasons)

First of all, ...........................

(explain + example)

Secondly, ............................
(explain + example)

Finally, .................................
(explain + example)

In short, (summarize)
 Writing Coherent Paragraphs
- Coherence is one of the important parts of effective writing. When the
relationship between sentences is clear, we can say that it is a coherent
paragraph. In other words, a paragraph is said to have coherence, when the
topic sentence, the supporting sentences, the supporting details, and the
concluding sentence “cohere” or “stick together”.
In order to achieve this coherence, the writer should:

- use connecting words

- arrange the sentences in a clear order (order of space, time, etc.)
- use cause/ effect verbs and prepositions
- repeat the key words or ideas
- use pronouns to refer to nouns or other items in the preceding sentences
SAS p. 37, Exercise:5
Put the following sentences in order. The given sentences form a cause paragraph and there
are many sentence connectors.

1. First, more and more people are working in factories, which are usually located in cities.
2. In short, people are attracted to cities because of higher paying jobs, better schools, and a greater
variety of activities.
3. Thus, many families leave farming communities to make sure their children are educated well.
4. Finally, as cities grow, people establish places of leisure, entertainment, and culture.
5. Because these jobs usually pay better than jobs on the farm, they attract many people from rural
areas.
6. In addition, the best schools are in cities.
7. Most parents are very concerned about their children’s education.
8. More than 50% of the world population now lives in urban areas, and there are three important
reasons for this.
9. For many people, these facilities make city life more interesting than life on the farm.
10. For example, all cities have facilities like sports stadiums, theatres, and museums.
1. First, more and more people are working in
factories, which are usually located in cities.
2. In short, people are attracted to cities because of
higher paying jobs, better schools, and a greater
variety of activities.
3. Thus, many families leave farming communities to
make sure their children are educated well.
4. Finally, as cities grow, people establish places of
leisure, entertainment, and culture.
5. Because these jobs usually pay better than jobs on
the farm, they attract many people from rural areas.
6. In addition, the best schools are in cities.
7. Most parents are very concerned about their
children’s education.
8. More than 50% of the world population now lives in
urban areas, and there are three important reasons for
this.
9. For many people, these facilities make city life
more interesting than life on the farm.
10. For example, all cities have facilities like sports
stadiums, theatres, and museums.
1. (8) More than 50% of the world population now lives in urban areas, and there are
three important reasons for this.
2.(1) First, more and more people are working in factories, which are usually located
in cities.
3. (5) Because these jobs usually pay better than jobs on the farm, they attract many
people from rural areas.
4.(6) In addition, the best schools are in cities.
5. (7) Most parents are very concerned about their children’s education.
6. (3) Thus, many families leave farming communities to make sure their children
are educated well.
7. (4) Finally, as cities grow, people establish places of leisure, entertainment, and
culture.
8. (10) For example, all cities have facilities like sports stadiums, theatres, and
museums.
9. (9) For many people, these facilities make city life more interesting than life on
the farm.
10. (2) In short, people are attracted to cities because of higher paying jobs, better
schools, and a greater variety of activities.
Some important reminders in academic writing

 Be careful about capitalization (Aa, Bb, Cc ..) and punctuation (. / , / ; / : / ?)

 Avoid contractions (e.g can’t, he’s, don’t, didn’t)

 Use formal expressions /don’t use spoken expressions (e.g gonna, wanna)

 Prefer formal vocabulary (e.g Some kids watch too much telly. Children watch
too much television.

 Make use of the passive voice. (e.g. Many people believe that …….. It is
generally believed that)
References
- Sharpening Academic Skills
- Writing a paragraph – Longman Academic Writing Series
- https://
www.businessnewsdaily.com/8707-demotivating-leader-behaviors.html