Cancer of thyroid

Sophia Nayab Baig. Roll no. 2338

Fatima Zafar. Roll no. 2317
 DEFINITION
Abnormal proliferation of cells of thyroid gland.
TYPES

Papillary

Follicular

Medullary

Anaplastic
Papillary Type
The most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for 80% of
cases.
Slow growing, well differentiated cancers that develop from follicular
cells and can develop in one or both lobes of the thyroid gland.
Papillary carcinoma appears as an irregular solid or cystic mass or
nodule in a normal thyroid parenchyma.
May spread to nearby lymph nodes in the neck.
 Papillary Type
Peak onset ages are 30 to 50 years old.

Papillary thyroid cancer is more common in females than in males by a 3:1 ratio.

The prognosis is directly related to tumor size. Less than 1.5 cm [1/2 inch] is a good
prognosis.
The prognosis is also directly related to age. Patients under 55 years of age do
much better than patients who are over 55 years of age.
The prognosis is directly related to gender.  Women have a much better prognosis
than do similarly aged men.
Treatable with good prognosis
Papillary Type
 • Follicular thyroid cancer is a tumor of the
follicular cells that are lined by cuboidal
epithelial cells and have capsular and
vascular invasive properties.
Follicular • Follicular thyroid cancer is the second
most common type of thyroid cancer,
Type making up about 10 to up to 15% of all
thyroid cancers.
• Found frequently in individuals with
inadequate dietary intake of iodine
• Well-differentiated
 • Lung, bone, brain, liver,
bladder, and skin are potential
sites of distant spread.
• Lymph node involvement in
cases of follicular thyroid
Follicular Type cancer is far less common
(only 8-10%) compared to that
of papillary thyroid cancer.
• In most cases, it is associated
with good prognosis.
Follicular
Type
 MTC is the rarest type making up 3% to 4%
of all thyroid cancers.

More aggressive and less differentiated

than papillary and follicular types.
Medullary
Type More likely to spread to lymph nodes and
other organs .

Frequently release high levels of Calcitonin

and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
 MTC can start as a lump in the throat.

The tumor growing in the thyroid can make your

Medullary voice hoarse by blocking your vocal chords or it can
Type make it hard to breathe by blocking your windpipe.

Sometimes people can have MTC for a long time

without symptoms because the tumor remains
small.

Can be detected by imaging scans which include

ultrasound, CT, or MRI.
 MTC is usually treated by removing the thyroid. This
surgery is called a thyroidectomy.

Medullary
Type Radiation therapy or chemotherapy. 

Treatment
Targeted therapies are available that act on changes
in DNA found in some cases of MTC.
Anaplastic Type

Most undifferentiated type of thyroid cancer

Very aggressive form

Spreads quickly to other parts of the neck and body.

Occurs in approximately 2% of thyroid cancer cases.

Anaplastic
thyroid
cancer
arising from
neglected
goiter
Clinical Features
A lump in the neck, growing quickly

Pain in the front of the neck, sometimes going to the ears

Hoarseness or other voice changes that do not go away

Trouble swallowing

Trouble breathing

A constant cough
 History collection

Physical examination

Thyroid scan

Thyroid function test

Biopsy
Investigations MRI

CT scan

Radio-active iodine uptake studies

Thyroid suppression test

 Thyroid replacement therapy

Chemotherapy
Medical Radiation therapy
Management
Radioactive iodine therapy

Drugs- Thyroxine therapy

Surgery

Thyroidectomy

Modified neck re-dissection

Extensive radical neck dissection

In majority of cases, surgery is limited to an open biopsy to exclude lymphoma

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