CENTRAL REGION SAUDI (CRSA) CHAPTER

RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

CHARTERED 2002

HVAC SYSTEM DESIGN TECHNICAL

SEMINAR
MANUAL COOLING LOAD
CALCULATION

BY : ANTONIO E. BUQUIZ, PME

PSME CRSA Riyadh Chapter, Most Outstanding PSME Chapter 2012-2013 is proudly affiliated to:
Course Outline:
I – Objective
II - Basic System Types
III - HVAC Design Process
IV- Calculation Methods
V - Manual Load Calculation
1. Design Conditions
2. External Cooling Loads
2.1 Heat Gain through Exterior Walls
2.2 Heat Gain through Glass (Conduction)
2.3 Solar Load through Glass
3. Internal Cooling Loads
3.1 Heat Gain from People
3.2 Heat Gain from Lighting
3.3 Heat Gain from Equipment / Appliances
4. Ventilation Loads
5. Total Zone Cooling Load
6. Air Flow Rate Calculation
7. Cooling Coil Load Calculation
8. Duct Sizing
9. Duct Static Pressure Calculation
I. OBJECTIVE

To understand the methods and innovative

techniques in designing energy-efficient
HVAC system while assuring compliance to
strict local and international code
requirements.
II. BASIC SYSTEM TYPES
All commercial comfort air conditioning systems get
their name from the type of fluid being pumped
around the building to equipment located in the
control zones.
There are three basic zoned systems:
1) Zoned air
2) Zoned water
3) Zoned refrigerant
II. BASIC SYSTEM TYPES

A FUNCTION OF THE DELIVERY FLUID

Zoned Air System Zoned Water Zoned Refrigerant

Design System Design System Design

ZONED AIR
ZONED WATER
Air systems utilize a central source Water
of air.
systems
This airutilize some form of central chilled
source may be anAair
vertical packagedcoil
typical
unit.units
zoned
handling
Theinair
the
refrigerant
unit,
water.
rooftop
control
source
produce zones
pumps
system
chilled
or consists
Reciprocating,
unit,
and
the aira condensing
water.
ZONED REFRIGERANT
of fan-or screw chillers
centrifugal,
unit then pass the
Water pumps
through ductwork on theterminals
to air roof. Refrigerant
chilled piping
that in water
turn connects
deliver
through the
thepipes from the chiller to fan-coil
air to control zones.condensing
A controlunit to the
system
type fan-coil
units
coordinates
locatedunits,
the which
in the control zones. The final step
completeswith
activity of the air terminals thethe
refrigeration
is that
air source cycle.
and A control
air is circulated acrosssystem
the coil, cooled, and then
coordinates
provides comfort control in thethe activity oftothe
zones.
delivered thefan-coil
space.terminals
A control with
system coordinates
the condensingthe unitactivity
and provides comfortterminals
of the fan-coil control inwith the chiller and
the zones. provides comfort control in the zones.
COMBINATION TYPES
A FUNCTION OF THE DELIVERY FLUID

Zoned Air System Zoned Water Zoned Refrigerant

Design System Design System Design

AIR - WATER

WATER - REFRIGERANT
 III. THE DESIGN PROCESS
The overall design steps for any commercial comfort air conditioning
system are shown here. You might say this is the “Big Picture” of system
design. If mastered, this model will help you avoid losing sight of the
overall system as you select each individual component.
Commercial system design is a process involving many details and
integrating those details to achieve the desired result. Along the way, it is
very easy to get lost in the detail and forget where you are and how you
got there. The design sequence presented here will help you keep your
bearings and to recognize the difference between essential design steps
and details or refinements.
The flowchart below illustrates the initial decisions sequence on top and a
zoned system design steps section on the bottom, dividing the overall
process into two major sections. Each section has specific outcomes in
the overall design process.
III. THE DESIGN PROCESS
TWO PHASES:

1-INITIAL DECISIONS

2-ZONED SYSTEM
DESIGN STEPS
 INITIAL DECISIONS
The initial decisions determine the system type and central Likewise, initial system decisions may limit the control
machine type as well as the general system layout with zoning options. For example, if the system selected
central equipment size and location. for a single-story strip shopping mall is a single-zone,
constant-volume system fed by a packaged rooftop
The initial decisions are placed in a logical order for
unit, the building zones will be determined by the the
convenience. Even though they can proceed in this
rooftop unit capacity selected for a standard rental
manner, the steps are so interdependent that no single
module. A control zone will be a space that is a
sequence exists. There are a variety of ways in which the
reasonably good fit with equipment and system
building owners, consulting engineers, and design-build
capacities. This may require some zoning
contractors approach a job. Often, the design approach
compromises in terms of comfort within the space.
depends on the decision maker’s priority. For one job the
air comfort standard will be top priority; for another the Similarly, the building air comfort standards may limit
system type will be most important. For still another, the field of systems that can be considered for a
zoning decisions must predominate. building. With indoor air quality gaining importance
for most designers, the ability of the system to
Early decisions often limit the range of decisions made
provide good ventilation would eliminate many
later in the process. For example, restrictions on central
systems. Zoned air systems will be favored because
equipment location will limit the range of available systems
they provide ventilation air at the central unit which
for a building.
can be positively introduced into the control zones.
A single story strip mall that allows no room for equipment
In contrast, water systems are because they utilize
indoors, mandates the use of roof-mounted equipment.
little building space in supplying control zones with
Rooftop Units can be used with a limited number of
cooling. A water pipe takes a lot less space than
systems. Single zone, Variable Air Volume (VAV), Variable
ductwork. This can have a significant impact on
Volume/Variable Temperature (VVT), and multi-zone
building height and cost.
systems are possible.
 INTIAL DECISIONS

 Initial decisions drive system choice (the big picture).

 One step may have priority over another:
 E.g., in a single-story mall, must use roof-mounted equipment
due to lack of interior mechanical room.
 Building IAQ needs - must have system with good ventilation.
This favors selecting a zoned air system.
 European construction favors chilled water systems.
 ZONED DESIGN STEPS
The three design paths shown below the initial decisions steps
are different approaches to zoning a system.
On the left, are design steps for a zoned air system. In the
center, are steps for a zoned water system. On the right, are
steps for a zoned refrigerant system.
These steps provide design details for the “big picture” as the
designer works through the process.
Each step involves many details and skill sets to complete.
ZONED SYSTEM DESIGN STEPS

Zoned system design steps:

• Provide design details for the “big picture” and the
design sequence
• Many details involved in each step
 COMMON DESIGN STEPS
The design processes used for zoned air systems, water systems, and refrigerant systems have many
steps in common. Most of the steps could be further simplified as shown below.
Air and water systems require a design decision early in the sequence about the quality of fluid supplied
to the zone. This will impact the terminal selection made later on. In all cases, zoning decisions must
be made that represent a reasonable compromise between installed cost and comfort.
Once zone boundaries have been fixed, zone cooling and heating loads are estimated. Now, the
terminal unit that actually conditions the zone can be selected and placed - regardless of whether the
terminal is fed by conditioned air, water, or refrigerant. The terminal schedule is merely a zone-by-zone
summary of the terminal selections presented in tabular form. It is needed for costing and selling a job.
For air and water systems, a conditioned fluid (liquid or gas) is distributed from a central location to the
zone through a conduit system. Ductwork is the conduit for an air system, while piping does the job for
a water system. Where split systems are used, a refrigerant system’s conduit is refrigerant piping.
A schedule is produced to detail all sizes, locations, fittings, and quantities for the conduit system. Once
designed, the pressure loss of the conduit system is estimated. This is used to select a fluid pump and
to determine its initial settings.
The pump for an air system is a fan; for a water system it is a pump; and for a zoned refrigerant system
it is a compressor. Energy estimates are then made for the system pump, and where appropriate, the
estimated pump speed is determined.
COMMON DESIGN STEPS

Required Zone Fluid Conditions

Control Zoning Decisions

Zone Loads
Terminal Selection/ Placement
Conduit Design
Conduit Pressure Loss
Pump Selection & Energy Use
IV. CALCULATION METHOD
Calculation Methods
Over the years, different calculation techniques have been developed
and sanctioned by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers. The following calculation methods below
are all found technically sound for cooling load analysis. However, due to
the computational complexity of TETD/TA, TFM, HB and RTS
techniques that are best solved using computer software, the
CLTD/SCL/CLF manual calculation method is used for the purpose of
this report.
List of Cooling Load Calculation Methods are as follows:
 Total Equivalent Temperature Difference / Time Averaging
Method (TETD/TA)
 Transfer Function Method (TFM)
Calculation Methods

 Cooling Load Temperature Difference / Solar Cooling Load / Cooling

Load Factor Method (CLTD/SCL/CLF)
 Heat Balance Method (HB)
 Radiant Time Series Method (RTS)
V. COOLING LOAD CALCULATION

SERVICE

BUILDING
V. COOLING LOAD CALCULATION

ROOF TOP PACKAGE UNIT

1. DESIGN CONDITIONS

Site Location : Riyadh,

Winter:
Saudi Arabia
Dry Bulb Temperature : 37°F
Elevation : 2007 ft
Wet Bulb Temperature : 34.2°F
Latitude : 24.7° North
Longitude : 46.7° East
Inside Design Temperatures:
Mean Daily Range : 25.2°F
Summer:
Prevailing Wind Velocity : 15 mph N
Dry Bulb : 75°F
Outside Design Temperatures:
Wet Bulb : 62.5°F
Summer:
Relative Humidity : 50%
Dry Bulb Temperature : 115°F
Humidity Ratio : 68 grains/lb
Wet Bulb Temperature : 82°F
0.009679 lbv/lbda
Relative Humidity : 25.9%
Winter:
Humidity Ratio : 0.017871 lbv/lbda
Dry Bulb Temperature: 72°F
Zoning Plan
Zone-1
2. EXTERNAL COOLING LOADS
The exterior loads are those involved in the calculation of
components of the cooling and heating load due to heat conduction
through surfaces and radiation through transparent surfaces.
 Transmission Heat Gain – Exposed Roof
 Transmission Heat Gain – Exposed Wall
 Transmission Heat Gain – Exposed Glass
Solar Heat Gain for Glass
Transmission Heat Gain – Partition
The General Equation for Heat Gain through Conduction is given as:
q = U A (CLTD)
(Note: The tabulated CLTDs must be corrected for inside and outside temperature
and daily range.)
2.1 Transmission Heat Gain through
Exposed Roof

qsr = Ur x Ar x CLTDrc – Eqn. (1)

 where:
qsr = Sensible heat gain due to exposed roof, Btu/hr
Ar = Net area of roof, ft²
Ur = Overall coefficient of heat transfer for roofs, Btu/hr-ft²-°F
CLTDrc = Cooling load temperature difference for roofs, corrected
= CLTDт + (78 – ti) + (tom – 85) – Eqn. (2)
where:
CLTDт = Cooling load temperature difference for roofs,
ti = Actual inside design dry bulb temperature, °F
= 75 °F
78 = Assumed indoor design temperature for CLTD Tables, °F
85 = Assumed outdoor design temperature for CLTD Tables, °F
Transmission Heat Gain through Exposed Roof
tom = Mean outside design dry bulb temperature, °F
tom = to – (DR/2) - Eqn. (3)
where:
to = Outside design dry bulb temperature, °F
= 115 °F
DR = Daily Range (Mean), °F
= 25.2 °F
Substituting above values to Eqn. (3)

tom = 115 °F – (29/2) °F

= 100.5°F
Transmission Heat Gain through Exposed Roof
ROOF OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEEFICIENT (Ur)

THERMAL
NO MATERIAL TYPE CODE NO.
RESISTANCE
1 Outside Surface Film (moving air) 0.330 A0
2 1" thk Terazzo Tiles 0.080  
3 1” Gravel Layer 0.050 E1
4 Board Insulation 10.00
5 Sheet Membrane (neglected) 0.000  
6 2" Concrete screed 0.76  
7 8" Concrete Slab 0.670 C10
8 Inside Surface Film ( Still Air) 0.690 E0
TOTAL RESISTANCE, RT 12.58 hr-ft2 °F/Btu
Ur = 1/RT 0.079 Btu/hr-ft2 F
(from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.5 Thermal Properties and Code number of
Layers for Wall and Roof, see Appendix A, page A.3)

ROOF TYPE: Roof with Suspended Ceiling and With Total Resistance of 12.58 h- ft2
°F/Btu may classify as Roof No. 13
(from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.4 Roof Classifications for Use
with Table 8.2, see Appendix A, page A.5)
Transmission Heat Gain through Exposed Roof
CLTDт = 43 (from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.2A Cooling
Load Temperature Difference for Calculating Cooling Load from
Flat Roofs – 24 ° N Latitude, July, see Appendix A,, page A.6)

Calculating for Corrected Cooling Load Temperature

Difference for Roofs
  CLTDrc = CLTDт + (78 – ti) + (tom – 85)
= 43 + (78 – 75) + (100.5 – 85)
= 61.5 °F

Calculating for Sensible heat gain for exposed roofs,

qsr = Ur x Ar x CLTDrc – Eqn. (1)
qsr = U (Btu/hr-ft²-°F) x A (ft²) x CLTDrc (°F)
= Btu/hr
2.2 Transmission Heat Gain
Through Exterior Wall

qsw = Uw x Aw x CLTDwc – Eqn. (4)

where:
qsw = Sensible heat gain due to wall, Btu/hr
Aw = Net area of wall, ft²
Uw = Overall coefficient of heat transfer for walls,
CLTDwc = Cooling load temp. difference for walls, corrected
 
CLTDwc = CLTDт + (78 – ti) + (tom – 85) – Eqn. (5)
where:
CLTDт = Cooling load temperature difference for walls, tabulated
Transmission Heat Gain Through Exterior Wall
EXTERNAL WALL OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEEFICIENT (Uw)
THERMAL
NO DESCRIPTION CODE NO.
RESISTANCE
1 Outside Surface Film (moving air) 0.330 A0
2 3/4" thk. Cement Plaster 0.150 E1
3 8" Heavy Weight Concrete Block 1.96 C18
6 3/4" Cement Plaster 0.150 E1
7 Inside Surface Film ( Still Air) 0.690 E0
TOTAL RESISTANCE, RT 3.20 ft2 -hr °F/Btu
Uw = 1/RT 0.313 Btu/hr-ft2 F

(from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.5 Thermal Properties and Code number of
Layers for Wall and Roof, see Appendix A, page A.3)

WALL TYPE: Walls with Principal Wall material Code C18 and Secondary wall
material Code E1 with the Total Resistance of 3.2 ft2 -hr °F/Btu may classify as Wall No.
4 (from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.6A Wall Types, Mass Located
Inside
Insulation, for Use with Table 8.3, see Appendix A, page A.7)
Transmission Heat Gain Through Exterior Wall
CLTDт for Wall No. 4 at 1600 H (from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition
Table 8.3A Cooling Load Temperature Difference for Calculating Cooling Load
from Sunlit Walls – 24 ° N Latitude, July, see Appendix A, page A.8)

N E S W
Direction
CLTDт 23 40 24 30

Corrected Cooling Load Temperature Difference for External Wall

CLTDwc = CLTDт + (78 – ti) + (tom – 85) – Eqn. (5)
= CLTDт + (78 –75 ) + (100.5 – 85)
= CLTDт +3 +15.5

CLTDwc = (23+3+ 15.5) = 41.5 °F (N)

CLTDwc = (40 + 3+ 15.5) = 58.5 °F (E)
CLTDwc = (24 + 3 + 15.5) = 42.5 °F (W)
CLTDwc = (30 + 3 + 15.5) = 48.5 °F (S)
Transmission Heat Gain Through Exterior Wall

Calculating for Sensible heat gain for exposed walls,

 
qsw = Uw x Aw x CLTDwc - Eqn. (4)
 
qsw = U (Btu/hr-ft²-°F) x A (ft²) x CLTDwc (°F)
= Btu/hr
where:
CLTDwc = CLTD wall corrected (As calculated above)
2.3 Transmission Heat Gain for Glass
(Conduction)

Calculating the heat conducted through glass is shown below:

qsgc = Ugw x Agw x (CLTDgc) – Eqn. 6
where:
qsgc = Sensible heat gain due to glass by conduction, Btu/hr
Agw = Area of fenestration to normal to heat flow, ft²
 Ugw = Overall coefficient of heat transfer for fenestration,
CLTDgc = Cooling load temperature difference for glass, corrected
CLTDgc = CLTDт + (78 – ti) + (tom – 85) – Eqn. (7)
where:
CLTDт = Cooling load temperature difference for conduction
through glass, (ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition, Table 8.7, Conduction through Glass and
Doors, based on solar time of 1600 Hr) (see Appendix A, page A.9)
= 14 °F
Transmission Heat Gain for Glass
Applying the value from Eqn. (3),
tom = 104.5 °F
Then, substituting the above value to Eqn. (7):
CLTDgc = CLTDт + (78 – ti) + (tom – 85)
CLTDgc = 14 + (78 – 75) + (100.5 – 85)
CLTDgc = 14 + 3+ 15.5 = 38°F
CLTDgc = 32.5°F

DATA FOR GLASS:

Double Glazing with Aluminum Frame with Thermal Breaks (1/4” thk. Gray tint
outside panel, ¼” thk. inside clear glass panel)
UG = (From Table 5, U-Factor for Various Fenestration Products, see Appendix A,
page A.10 )
UG = 0.49 Btu/hr.ft2.°F (ID No. 21 with aluminum frame with thermal break)
Transmission Heat Gain for Glass

Calculating for Sensible heat gain for glass,

qsgc = Ug x Ag x CLTDgc – Eqn (6)
qsgc = U (Btu/hr-ft²-°F) x A (ft²) x CLTDgc (°F)
= Btu/hr

Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 3 using Eqn. (6):

2.4 Solar Heat Gain for Glass

The Cooling Load per square foot of un-shaded fenestration due to

solar radiation transmitted through and absorbed by the glass is determined
by:
  qgs = Ag x (SC) x (SCL) - Eqn. (8)
where:
qgs = Solar Cooling Load, Btu/hr
Ag = Area of fenestration, ft²
SC = Shading Coefficient, dimensionless
SCL = Solar Cooling Load, Btu/hr-ft²
Solar Heat Gain for Glass
DATA FOR GLASS:
1)Windows
•Double Glazing with Aluminum Frame with Thermal Breaks (1/4” thk.
Gray tint outside panel, ¼” thk. inside clear glass panel)
•Venetian Blind Color – Off-white, (Full Inside Shade)
•SC = 0.36 (From ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.10 Shading
Coefficient for Glass with or without Interior Shading by Venetian Blinds
or Roller Shades, see Appendix A, page A.12)
•Solar Glass Zone Type : Zone B
(For Wall Type No. 4, with ceiling and vinyl flooring) (From ASHRAE
GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.8A, 8.8C& 8.8D Zone Types for Use with
SCL and CLF Tables, see Appendix A, page A.9)
Solar Heat Gain for Glass
• SCL = Solar Cooling Load for Solar Glass Zone Type B @ 1600H
Direction N NE E SE S SW W NW
SCL 39 38 41 37 32 106 165 134

(From ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.9A Solar cooling
Load For Sunlit Glass - 24°North Latitude, see Appendix A, page A.16)

Calculating for Solar heat gain for glass,

qgs = Ag x (SC) x (SCL) - Eqn. (8)

qgs = A (ft2) x SC x (SCL)(Btu/hr-ft²)
= Btu/hr

Substituting the values to Calculation Table - 4 using Eqn. (8):

2.5 Transmission Heat Gain
through Partition

Whenever a conditioned space is adjacent to a space with a

different temperature, transfer of heat through the separating section must
be considered. The heat transfer rate is given by:
qsp = Up x Ap x TDp - Eqn.(9)
where:
qspw = Sensible heat gain due to wall exposed to vented enclosed space,
Btu/hr
Upw = Overall coefficient of heat transfer for partitions,
Apw = Net area of partition, ft²
TDpw = Design temperature difference across the partition, °F
TDp = ts – ti - Eqn. (10)
where:
ts1 =Unconditioned adjacent space temp. or Un-insulated
floor slab
Transmission Heat Gain
through Partition

 
ts1 = 105°F (Unconditioned Space Temp.)
ti = Conditioned room temperature
= 75°F
Substituting above values to Eqn. (10)
TDp1 = 105 °F – 75 °F
= 30 °F (for Adjacent Unconditioned space)
 
Transmission Heat Gain through
PARTITION FLOOR OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER
COEEFICIENT (Up)
RESISTANC
NO DESCRIPTION REFERENCE
E
Inside Surface Film ( Still
1 0.690 E0
Air)
2 1/2" thk. Slate 0.05 E1

3 3/4” stucco 0.150 C7

6 12” HW concrete 0.980
Inside Surface Film ( Still
7 0.690 E0
Air)
TOTAL RESISTANCE, RT 2.560 ft2-hr °F/Btu
Up = 1/RT 0.391 Btu/hr-ft2 F
(from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.5 Thermal Properties and Code number
of Layers for Wall and Roof , see Appendix A, page A.3)
Transmission Heat Gain through Partition
PARTITION FLOOR OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER
COEEFICIENT (Up)
RESISTANC
NO DESCRIPTION REFERENCE
E
1 Inside Surface Film ( Still Air) 0.250 E0

2 3/4" thk. Cement Plaster 0.150 E1

3 8" Light Weight Hollow Block 1.790 C7

6 3/4" Cement Plaster 0.150 E1

7 Inside Surface Film ( Still Air) 0.690 E0

TOTAL RESISTANCE, RT 3.030 hr-ft2 °F/Btu

Up = 1/RT 0.330 Btu/hr-ft2 F
(from ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 8.5 Thermal Properties and Code number
of Layers for Wall and Roof , see Appendix A, page A.3)
Transmission Heat Gain through Partition
Calculating for Sensible heat gain for partition ,
qsp = Up x Ap x TDp – Eqn. (9)
qsp = Up (Btu/hr-ft²-°F) x Ap (ft²) x TDp (°F)
= Btu/hr
Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 5 using Eqn. (9):
 3. INTERNAL HEAT GAINS
The component of the space cooling load is the heat that
originates within the space. Typical sources of internal heat gain are
people, lights, cooking processes and other heat-generating equipment,
such as motors, appliances and office equipment.
The people inside the space contribute both sensible and latent
heat. Lighting contributes only sensible heat to the space, while
equipment in the space may contribute only sensible heat (as in the case
for a computer) or both sensible heat and latent heat (as in the case for a
coffee maker). Infiltration generally contributes both sensible and latent
heat to the space.
 3.1 Heat Gain due to Internal Lights

Since Lighting Plans are not available an alternative procedure is to

estimate heat gain per square foot basis. Table 9.6.1 shows the maximum
Lighting Power Density (LPD) Using the Space-by-Space Method) allowed
by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 for a ranges of space types (see
Appendix A, page A.17)

Calculating for heat gain due to internal lightings,

qsl = 3.41 x Watts x Fu x Fs x CLF – Eqn. (11)
qsl = 3.41(Btu/hr-W) x Watts x Fu x Fs
= Btu/hr
 Heat Gain due to Internal Lights

where:
qsl = Cooling Load due to lighting, Btu/hr
3.41= Conversion factor, Btu/hr / W
Watts = Total wattage of lighting fixture, watts
Fu = Use factor, fraction of Watts in use
=1
Fs = Special allowance factor (Ballast factor in the case of fluorescent and
metal halide fixtures)
= 1.2 (Recommended value for general applications)
CLF = Cooling load factor, (equal to “1” since cooling system operated
only when lights are ON)
3.2 Sensible Heat Gain due to People

qspe = qspe’ x NP x CLF – Eqn. (12)

Where:
qspe = Sensible heat gain due to people, Btu/hr
qspe’ = Sensible heat gain per person, Btu/hr-person
NP = Number of people in space
CLF = Cooling load factor
= 1 (since cooling system does not operate 24 hours a day)
 
Sensible Heat Gain due to People
Rates of Heat Gain From Occupants of conditioned Spaces
Sensible
Latent Heat
Degree of Activity Typical Application Heat
(Btu/hr)
(Btu/hr)
Seated at Theater Theater- Matinee 225 105
Seated at Theater Theater- Evening 245 105
Offices, hotels,
Seated very light work 245 155
apartments
Moderate Active Offices, hotels,
250 200
Office work apartments
Standing, light work,
Dept. store, retail store 250 200
walking
Walking standing Drugstore, bank 250 250
Sedentary work Restaurant 275 275
Light bench work Factory 275 475
Moderate Dancing Dance Hall 305 545

(From ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 5.2 Rates of Heat Gain From
Occupants of conditioned Spaces, see Appendix A, page A.18)
3.3 Latent Heat Gain due to People

Qlpe = qlpe’ x NP – Eqn. (13)

where:
qlpe = Latent heat gain due to people, Btu/hr
qlpe’= Latent heat gain per person, Btu/hr-person
(From ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 5.2 Rates of Heat
Gain From Occupants of conditioned Spaces, see Appendix A,
page A.18)
NP = Number of people in space
Latent Heat Gain due to People
Rates of Heat Gain From Occupants of conditioned Spaces
Sensible
Latent Heat
Degree of Activity Typical Application Heat
(Btu/hr)
(Btu/hr)
Seated at Theater Theater- Matinee 225 105
Seated at Theater Theater- Evening 245 105
Offices, hotels,
Seated very light work 245 155
apartments
Moderate Active Offices, hotels,
250 200
Office work apartments
Standing, light work,
Dept. store, retail store 250 200
walking
Walking standing Drugstore, bank 250 250
Sedentary work Restaurant 275 275
Light bench work Factory 275 475
Moderate Dancing Dance Hall 305 545

(From ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition Table 5.2 Rates of Heat Gain From
Occupants of conditioned Spaces, see Appendix A, page A.18)
3.4 Heat Gain due to Appliances and Equipment

qse = 3.41 x Eqpt. Watts x CLF – Eqn. (14)

where:
qse = Sensible heat gain due to equipment, Btu/hr
3.41 = Conversion factor, Btu/hr-W
Eqpt. Watts = Recommended rate of heat gain for equipment, watts
CLF = Cooling load factor
= 1 (equals to “1” since cooling system does not operate
24 hours a day)
Heat Gain due to Appliances and Equipment

Since there are no appliances/equipment load given

during the design stage in other area, it was assumed that
appliances/equipment load are equal to 1.5watt/ft2 except for
Electrical and Comm. Room 45 watt/ft2 .
4. VENTILATION LOADS

Outdoor air is often used to dilute or remove contaminants from the

indoor air. The intentional introduction of outdoor air into a space, through
the use of the building’s HVAC system, is called ventilation. This outdoor
air must often be cooled and dehumidified before it can be delivered to the
space, creating an additional load on the air-conditioning equipment.

ASHRAE Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air

Quality, prescribes the quantity of outdoor air required per person (or per
unit area) to provide adequate ventilation for various types of spaces.
4.1 Sensible Heat Gain due to Ventilation
The sensible Heat gain from ventilation as a result of a difference
in temperature between the Outside air and indoor air flowing at ASHRAE
standard conditions is:
qsv = cfm x 60 x 0.075 x (0.24 + 0.45 W) x Δt
where :
qsv = Sensible heat gain due to ventilation, Btu/hr
Cfm = Airflow
60 = minutes per hour
0.075 = pounds of dry air per cubic foot
0.24 = specific heat of dry air, Btu/lb F
0.45 = specific heat of water vapor, Btu/lb F
W = humidity ratio, pounds of water vapor per pounds of dry air
Δt = Design outdoor dry-bulb temperature minus the design indoor
dry-bulb temperature, °F
Sensible Heat Gain due to Ventilation

The value of (60) (0.075) (0.24+0.45W) varies with W. When W = 0, the

value is 1.08; when W = 0.01, the value is 1.10; when W = 0.02, the value
is 1.12 and when W = 0.03, the value is 1.14. Since the value of W = 0.01
approximates conditions found in many air-conditioning problems the
Sensible Heat Gain is approximated by :
qsv = 1.1 0 x cfm x Δt - Eqn. (15)

Temperature difference in between the Outside air and indoor air

Δt = (to – ti)
= Design outdoor dry-bulb temperature minus the design indoor
dry-bulb temperature, °F
= 111 °F - 75 °F
= 36 °F
 
Sensible Heat Gain due to Ventilation

Ventilation Air Flow (cfm)

The Ventilation requirements for different occupants is taken from Table
6-1, ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality, see Appendix A, page A.19 – A.21)

 
Calculating for Sensible heat gain due to ventilation,
qsv = 1.1 0 x cfm x Δt - Eqn. (15)
qsv = 1.10 (Btu-min/hr-ft³-°F) x Airflow (ft³/min) x Δt (°F)
= Btu/hr

Substituting the values to Calculate Table - 10 using Eqn. (15):

 
 4.2 Latent Heat Gain due to Ventilation
As a result of a difference in humidity ratio between the Outside air and
indoor air flowing at ASHRAE standard conditions the Latent Heat Gain in
Btu/hr is:
qlv = cfm x 60 x 0.075 x (1076) x ΔW
where :
qlv = Latent heat gain due to ventilation, Btu/hr
Cfm = Airflow
60 = minutes per hour
0.075 = pounds of dry air per cubic foot
1076 = approximate energy content of 50% relative humidity vapor at 75 °F,
less the energy content of water at 50 F, Btu/lb
ΔW = Difference in humidity ratio, pounds of water vapor per pounds of
dry air
= outdoor air humidity ratio minus the indoor air humidity ratio
Latent Heat Gain due to Ventilation
The 50% RH at 75 F is a common design condition for
the space, and 50 F is common condensate temperature from cooling and
dehumidifying coils. Combining the three values, the Latent Heat Gain is :
qlv = 4840 x cfm x ΔW - Eqn. (16)

Humidity Ratio difference between the Outside air and indoor air
ΔW = (Wo – Wi)
= Design outdoor air humidity ratio minus the design
indoor air humidity ratio, lbv/lbda
= (0.01786 - 0.009947)
= 0.00791lbv/lbda

 Ventilation Air Flow (cfm)

The Ventilation requirements for different occupants is taken from Table
6-1, ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality, see Appendix A, page A.19 – A.21)
Latent Heat Gain due to Ventilation

Calculating for Sensible heat gain due to ventilation,

qlv = 4840 x cfm x ΔW - Eqn. (16)
qlv = 4840 (Btu-min-lb/hr-ft³-lb) x Airflow (ft³/min) x ΔWv (lbv/lbda)
= Btu/hr
5. TOTAL ZONE COOLING LOADS
6. AIR FLOW RATE CALCULATION
To determine the supply airflow, the following equation must be used:
qsv = 1.1 0 x cfm x Δt - Eqn. (18)
 
Supply Airflow = . Sensible Heat Gain .
1.10 x (Indoor Air DB – Supply Air DB) - Eqn. (19)
where :
qsv = Sensible heat gain , Btu/hr
Cfm = Airflow
Δt = Design Indoor Air dry-bulb temperature - the Supply Air dry-bulb
temperature, °F
1.10 = (60)(0.075)(0.24+.45W)
where :60 = minutes per hour
0.075 = pounds of dry air per cubic foot
0.24 = specific heat of dry air, Btu/lb F
Supply Airflow
0.45 = specific heat of water vapor, Btu/lb F
W = 0.01, humidity ratio, pounds of water vapor per pounds of
dry air

Indoor Temperature : 75 °F
Supply Air Temperature = Tc + Tf
Where :
Tc = Coil Leaving Temp = 55 °F (Normal)
Tf = Temp. rise across draw-thru fan
= 2.2 °F (from table D.3 Air Temp. Rise Due to Fans, of
ASHRAE GRP 158 2nd Edition. Assume
Fan static
Pressure of 4” and Fan and motor Combined efficiency
of 65%) see appendix A. 23

Supply Air Temperature = 55 + 2.2

7. COOLING COIL LOAD CALCULATION

The psychrometric chart can be used to plot the air cycle that takes
place in a typical All-Air system. It provides a good visual
representation of the cycle.

In performing this task, you will be learning the bridge between Load
Estimating and Equipment Selection, and come to realize that
Psychrometrics is the tool by which a Load Estimate is translated into a
cooling coil’s required entering and leaving conditions. Once the coil
conditions and load is known, an appropriate cooling coil can then be
selected for a given application.
Cooling Coil Loads

Total Cooling Load = 400,863 Btu/hr (33.4 TR)

Sensible Cooling Load = SHR x Total Cooling Load
= 0.80 x 400, 863
= 320,690 Btu/hr ( 26.7 TR)
Latent Cooling Load = Total Cooling Load – Sensible Cooling Load
= 400,863 – 320,690
= 80,173 Btu/hr (6.7 TR)
8. DUCT SIZING

Duct Sizing
Supply and Exhaust ducts were sized using the equal friction
method. The most economical and simple way of calculating duct sizes
and duct external static pressure (ESP). “Equal friction” does not mean
that total friction remains constant throughout the system. It means that a
specific friction loss or static pressure loss per 100 equivalent feet of duct
is selected before the ductwork is laid out and that this loss per 100 feet is
used constantly throughout the design.
The suggested friction loss shall be 0.10 in.wg per 100 ft.
(SMACNA 3rd Edition, 1990-Friction loss value commonly used for lower
pressure duct sizing per 100 equivalent feet of ductwork)
 
Duct Sizing

Design Criteria: ( LOW VELOCITY DUCT SYSTEM)

Note:Low velocity duct system is always preferred in order to avoid
unwanted noise.
Type of Building Friction loss Maximum velocity
Supply duct (inches/100 feet) (feet per minute)
Residential 0.06-0.08 900
Offices 0.10 1300
Stores 0.15 1300
Industrial 0.25 1800
Return Duct ( 75 –80 % of the friction loss)
 
Note: This criteria is being used in practice.
Duct Sizing
DUCTING SCHEMATIC DRAWING

Supply and Return Duct Sizing with the use of ASHRAE Duct Fiction
Loss Chart and Table 2 Equivalent Rectangular Duct Dimension
(See Appendix B page B.1 & B.3 ).
AHU-10 DUCTING SCHEMATIC DRAWING
 CALCULATION TABLE-F
Duct Sizing

AIR
EQUIVALENT USE
TAG NO. DESCRIPTION FLOW
(cfm) FRICTION RECTANGULAR RECTANGULAR
LOSS DUCT DUCT SIZE DUCT SIZE
in WC/100ft DIA. (in) (in x in) (in x in)
1 Supply Duct 108 0.1 6 6x5 6x6
2 Supply Duct 498 0.1 10.5 16 x 6 16 x 6
3 Supply Duct 886 0.1 13.5 20 x 8 20 x 8
4 Supply Duct 322 0.1 9 12 x 6 12 x 6
5 Supply Duct 1,596 0.1 17 20 x 12 20 x 12
6 Supply Duct 1,984 0.1 18 20 x 14 20 x 14
7 Supply Duct 229 0.1 8 11 x 5 12 x 6
8 Supply Duct 229 0.1 8 11 x 5 12 x 6
9 Supply Duct 458 0.1 10.5 16 x 6 16 x 6
10 Supply Duct 848 0.1 13 18 x 8 18 x 8
11 Supply Duct 1,236 0.1 15 19 x 10 20 x 10
12 Supply Duct 1,624 0.1 17 20 x 12 20 x 12
13 Supply Duct 2,012 0.1 18 23 x 12 24 x 12
14 Supply Duct 3,996 0.1 24 24 x 20 24 x 20
15 Supply Duct 108 0.1 6 6x5 6x6
16 Supply Duct 498 0.1 10.5 16 x 6 16 x 6
17 Supply Duct 886 0.1 13.5 20 x 8 20 x 8
18 Supply Duct 1,274 0.1 15 19 x 10 20 x 10
19 Supply Duct 1,662 0.1 17 20 x 12 20 x 12
20 Supply Duct 5,658 0.1 27 28 x 22 28 x 22
21 Return Duct 2,829 0.08 22 26 x 16 26 x 16
22 Return Duct 2,829 0.08 22 26 x 16 26 x 16
23 Return Duct 2,829 0.08 22 26 x 16 26 x 16
24 Return Duct 5,658 0.08 28 30 x 22 30 x 22
9. EXTERNAL STATIC PRESSURE
CALCULATION
External static pressure is essential for selecting the proper fan size
and motor power input. Duct ESP includes pressure drop from ducting,
duct fittings, dampers, air outlets, heaters, filters, etc.
The total duct static-pressure loss due to friction for a duct system
may be calculated from:
A. Duct Pressure Loss
Formula
H = (0.123 Q1.82 ) / D4.85 --- eqn. 21
(Taken from ASHRAE Handbook)
Where :
H = duct friction loss, Inches/100 feet
Q = airflow, CFM
D = equivalent diameter, inches
External Static Pressure Calculation

D = (1.3 [ab]0.625 ) / [a+b]0.25 --- eqn. 22

(Taken from ASHRAE Handbook)
a : duct width , inches
b : duct height, inches
 
B. Fitting Pressure Loss
Fitting pressure loss = K x Vp --- eqn. 23
K = fitting loss coefficient, dimensionless
V = duct velocity, feet per minute

Velocity Pressure Vp = CFM x 144 .

Duct Size (inches)
 
Vp = ( V/4005) 2
--- eqn. 24
AHU-10 DUCTING SCHEMATIC DRAWING
 CALCULATION TABLE-G

PRESSUR E LO SS
Fan External Static Pressure Calculation

DUCT LENGTH

F R IC T IO N L O S S
RECTANGULAR

F IT T IN G L O S S
C O E F F IC IE N T
(cfm )

. )
N ode N O .

D U C T D IA(in
E Q U IV A L E
D U C T S IZ E

V E L O C IT Y

V E L O C IT Y
PR ESSU RE
in W C /1 0 0 ft

(in o f w ater)

(in o f w ater)
A IR F L O W
DESCRIPTION

(in x in )

(ft/m in )

(ft)
Diffuser 271 from manufacturer catalog 0.10
Flexible duct 271 0.10
1 -2

Volume Damper 271 from manufacturer catalog 0.15

Supply Duct 271 6 x 10 8.4 704.2 15 0.11 0.03 0.02
542 10 x 10
Dovetail Y-fitting - 831.6 - - 0.04 0.24 0.01
2 -3

271 6 x 10
Supply Duct 542 10 x 10 10.9 831.6 13 0.11 0.04 0.01
10 x 14
Reducer 542 - 831.6 - - 0.04 0.1 0.00
3 -4

10 x 10
Supply Duct 813 10 x 14 12.9 897.3 16 0.10 0.05 0.02
12 x 16
Reducer 813 - 897.3 - - 0.05 0.04 0.00
10 x 14
4 -5

Supply Duct 1,084 12 x 16 15.1 870.7 10 0.08 0.05 0.01

Volume Damper 1,084 from manufacturer catalog 0.15
2,439 20 x 16
Dovetail Y-fitting - 1173.0 - - 0.09 0.16 0.01
1,084 12 x 16
5 -6

20 Deg. Elbow 2,439 20 x 16 19.5 1173.0 - - 0.09 0.071 0.01

Supply Duct 2,439 20 x 16 19.5 1173.0 26 0.10 0.09 0.03
2,847 22 x 16
Reducer 20.4 1248.8 - - 0.10 0.1 0.01
2,439 20 x 16
6 -7

90 Deg. Elbow 2,847 22 x 16 20.4 1248.8 - - 0.10 0.23 0.02

Supply Duct 2,847 22 x 16 20.4 1248.8 10 0.10 0.10 0.01
22 x 20
 Volume Damper
1,084 0.15
2,439 CALCULATION
20 x 16 TABLE-G

PRESSU RE LO SS
Fan External
12 x Static Pressure Calculation

DUCT LENGTH

F R IC T IO N L O S S
RECTANGULAR
1,084 16

F IT T IN G L O S S
C O E F F IC IE N T
20 Deg. Elbow 2,439 20 x 16 19.5 1173.0 - - 0.09 0.071 0.01

(cfm )

. )
N ode N O .

D U C T D IA(in
E Q U IV A L E
Supply Duct 2,439 20 x 16 19.5 1173.0 26 0.10 0.09 0.03

D U C T S IZ E

V E L O C IT Y

V E L O C IT Y
PR ESSU RE
in W C /1 0 0 ft

(in o f w ater)

(in o f w ater)
A IR F L O W
2,847 22 x 16
DESCRIPTION

(in x in )
2,439 20 x 16

(ft/m in )
90 Deg. Elbow 2,847 22 x 16 20.4 1248.8 - - 0.10 0.23 0.02

(ft)
Supply Duct 2,847 22 x 16 20.4 1248.8 10 0.10 0.10 0.01
Diffuser 271 from
22 xmanufacturer
20 catalog 0.10
Reducer 2,847 - 1248.8 - - 0.10 0.1 0.01
Flexible duct 271 22 x 16 0.10
7 -81 -2

VolumeDuct
Supply Damper 271
3,496 22 x 20 22.9 1219.7 43 0.09 0.09 0.15
0.04
Supply
90 Deg.Duct
Elbow 271
3,496 6 x 20
22 10 22.9
8.4 704.2
1219.7 15
- 0.11
- 0.03
0.09 0.2 0.02
Sound Attenuator 542
3,496 from
10 xmanufacturer
10 catalog 0.30
Transition 271
3,496 6 x 20
22 10 22.9 1219.7 - - 0.09 1.4 0.13
Supply Duct 542 10 x 16
20 10 19.5
10.9 831.6 13 0.11 0.04 0.01
Bell Mouth Opening 1,219 586.3 - - 0.02 0.86 0.02
9 -1 0

10 x 12
16 14 15.1
Return Duct 10 x 12
1,219 16 10 15.1 979.1 10 0.10 0.06 0.01
Supply Duct
Volume Damper 813
1,219 from
10 xmanufacturer
14 12.9 catalog
897.3 16 0.10 0.05 0.02
0.15
12 x 16
2,438 20
Dovetail Y-fitting - 1172.6 - - 0.09 0.16 0.01
1 0 -1 1

1,219 16
10 x 12
14
Supply Duct
Return Duct 1,084 20
2,438 12 x 16 19.5
15.1 1172.6
870.7 10
22 0.08
0.10 0.09
0.05 0.02
0.01
Volume
90 Deg. Elbow
Damper 1,084 20 x 16 19.5 1172.6
2,438 - - 0.09 0.23 0.15
0.02
Dovetail Y-fitting 2,439 20 x 20
3,042 16
- 1166.8 - - 0.08 0.16 0.01
1,084 20
12 x 16
1 1 -1 2

20 Deg.Duct
Return Elbow 2,439 20 x 20
3,042 16 21.9
19.5 1166.8
1173.0 25
- 0.09
- 0.08
0.09 0.071 0.02
0.01
Supply
90 Deg.Duct
Elbow 2,439 20 x 20
3,042 16 21.9
19.5 1166.8
1173.0 26
- 0.10
- 0.09
0.08 0.21 0.03
0.02
Sound Attenuator 2,847 from
3,042 22 xmanufacturer
16 catalog 0.30
Transition 2,439 20 x 20
3,042 16 21.9 1166.8 - - 0.08 0.23 0.02
90 Deg. Elbow
Sub Total 2,847 22 x 16 20.4 1248.8 - - 0.10 0.23 0.02
1.76
Supply
Safety FactorDuct 2,847 22 x 16 20.4 1248.8 10 0.10 0.10 0.01
0.44
22 x 20
TOTAL EXTERNAL STATIC PRESSURE 2.20
DUCTING SCHEMATIC DRAWING
 CALCULATION TABLE-G
Supply Fan External Static Pressure Calculation

PRESSUR E LO SS
DU CT LENG TH
REC TAN GU LAR

FR IC TIO N LO SS

FITTING LO SS
AIR FLO W(cfm )

CO EFFICIENT
DUC T D IA .(in)
Node NO .

EQ U IVA LE
D UC T SIZE

V ELO CITY

VELO C ITY
PRESSUR E
in W C/100ft

(in of water)

(in of water)
DESCRIPTION

(in x in)

(ft/m in)

(ft)
Diffuser 108 from manufacturer catalog 0.10
Volume Damper 108 from manufacturer catalog 0.15
1-2

Supply Duct 108 6 x 6 6.6 460.3 10 0.07 0.01 0.01

16 x 6
Reducer 108 - 460.3 - - 0.01 0.1 0.001
6 x 6
498 16 x 6
Diverging - 843.3 - - 0.04 6.4 0.28
108 16 x 6
2-3

Supply Duct 498 16 x 6 10.4 843.3 9 0.12 0.04 0.01

20 x 8
Reducer 498 - 843.3 - - 0.04 0.1 0.004
16 x 6
886 20 x 8
Diverging - 893.8 - - 0.05 0.4 0.02
498 20 x 8
3-4

Supply Duct 886 20 x 8 13.5 893.8 9 0.09 0.05 0.01

20 x 12
Reducer 498 - 893.8 - - 0.05 0.1 0.005
20 x 8
1274 20 x 12
Diverging - 827.7 - - 0.04 0.18 0.01
4-5

886 20 x 12
Supply Duct 1,274 20 x 12 16.8 827.7 5 0.06 0.04 0.00
1596 20 x 12
 20 x 8
16 x 6
886 CALCULATION
20 x 8 TABLE-G

PR ESSU R E LO SS
Supply Fan External Static Pressure Calculation

DUCT LENGTH

F R IC T IO N L O S S
RECTANGULAR
498 20 x 8

F IT T IN G L O S S
C O E F F IC IE N T
Supply Duct 886 20 x 8 13.5 893.8 9 0.09 0.05 0.01

(cfm )

. )
4N-5o d e N O .

D U C T D IA(in
E Q U IV A L E
20 x 12

D U C T S IZ E

V E L O C IT Y

V E L O C IT Y
PR ESSU R E
in W C /1 0 0 ft

(in o f w ater)

(in o f w ater)
A IR F L O W
20 x 8
DESCRIPTION

(in x in )
1274 20 x 12

(ft/m in )
886 20 x 12

(ft)
Supply Duct 1,274 20 x 12 16.8 827.7 5 0.06 0.04 0.00
45 Deg. Entry
Diffuser 1596
108 20 xmanufacturer
from 12 catalog 0.10
- 1036.9 - - 0.07 0.4 0.03
Branch, Diverging
Volume Damper 1274
108 20 x 12 0.15
-6
15 -2

Supply Duct 1,596

108 20
6 x 126 16.8
6.6 1036.9
460.3 3
10 0.09
0.07 0.07
0.01 0.00
0.01
20 x 14
16 6
Reducer 1274 - 1036.9 - - 0.07 0.1 0.007
20
6 x 126
1984
498 20 x 14
16 6
Diverging - 1095.8 - - 0.07 0.03 0.00
1596
108 20 x 14
16 6
Supply Duct 1,984
498 20 x 14
16 6 18.2 1095.8
10.4 843.3 19
9 0.10
0.12 0.07
0.04 0.02
0.01
6 -7

90 Deg. Elbow 1,984 20 x 14 8 18.2 1095.8 - - 0.07 0.23 0.02

24 x 20
16 6
Reducer 1984 - 1095.8 - - 0.07 0.1 0.007
886 20 x 148
45 Deg. Entry 3966
498 24 x 20
20 8
- 1279.9 - - 0.10 0.04 0.004
Branch,Duct
Supply Diverging 1984
886 20 x 148 13.5 893.8 9 0.09 0.05 0.01
7 -8

Supply Duct 3,996 20

24 x 12
20 23.9 1279.9 15 0.09 0.10 0.01
28 x 22
20 8
Reducer 3996 - 1279.9 - - 0.10 0.1 0.010
1274 2024 x 12
20
45 Deg. Entry 5658
886 28 x 12
20 22
- 1414.4 - - 0.12 0.08 0.010
Branch, Diverging
Supply Duct 3996 24
1,274 20 x 20
12 16.8 827.7 5 0.06 0.04 0.00
Supply Duct 5,658
1596 2028 x 12
22 27.1 1414.4 16 0.09 0.12 0.02
Volume Damper 1274 from
5,658 20 xmanufacturer
12 catalog 0.15
Fire Damper
Supply Duct 1,596 from
5,658 20 xmanufacturer
12 16.8 catalog
1036.9 3 0.09 0.07 0.15
0.00
8 -9

90 Deg. Elbow 5,658 20

22 x 14
28 27.1 1414.4 - - 0.12 0.48 0.06
Supply Duct 5,658 20
28 x 12
22 27.1 1414.4 82 0.09 0.12 0.08
90 Deg. Elbow 5,658
1984 2022 x 28
14 27.1 1414.4 - - 0.12 0.48 0.06
Supply Duct 5,658
1596 2028 x 14
22 27.1 1414.4 6 0.09 0.12 0.01
Fire Damper
Supply Duct 5,658 from
1,984 20 xmanufacturer
14 18.2 catalog
1095.8 19 0.10 0.07 0.15
0.02
Transition
90 Deg. Elbow 5,658 28
1,984 20 x 22 27.1 1414.4
14 18.2 1095.8 - - 0.12
0.07 1.4
0.23 0.17
0.02
Sub Total 24 x 20 1.56
Safety Factor 20 x 14 0.39
3966 24 x 20
TOTAL EXTERNAL STATIC PRESSURE 1.95
1984 20 x 14