2013 PSME HVAC DESIGN

SEMINAR
DAY 1 February 1, 8, 15, 2013
Module 1:
Part 1. HVAC – The Basics
Part 2. Cooling/Heating Load Calculation by
Hourly Analysis Program (Carrier Corp.)

by
Engr. Eric B. Gayares, ME
Part 1. HVAC – The Basics
1.0 HVAC Systems: Understanding The Basics
1.1 The HVAC System
1.2 A Very Brief History of HVAC Systems
1.3 Elements of HVAC Design

2.0 Moist Air Properties

􀁺Dry-Bulb (DB) Temperature
􀁺Wet-Bulb (WB) Temperature
􀁺Percent Relative Humidity
􀁺Humidity Ratio
􀁺Dew Point Temperature
􀁺Air Specific Volume
Air Temperature
􀁺 What Is Temperature?
􀁺 Temperature Scales
􀁺 Temperature Measurement
Air Humidity
􀁺 What Is Humidity?
􀁺 Humidity Scales
􀁺 Humidity Measurement
Moist Air Energy Content
􀁺Sensible Heat
􀁺Latent Heat
􀁺Enthalpy
Psychrometric Chart
Basic Space Conditioning Processes
􀁺 Sensible Cooling
􀁺 Sensible Heating
􀁺 Humidifying
􀁺 Dehumidifying
􀁺 Cooling & Dehumidifying
􀁺 Heating & Humidifying
􀁺 Chemical Dehumidifying
􀁺 Evaporative Cooling
Part 2. Cooling/Heating Load Calculation
by Hourly Analysis Program
HAP will do the following:
1. Calculates design cooling & heating loads for
the spaces, zones, and coils in the HVAC system.
2. Determines air flow rates for spaces, zones, and
the system.
3. Sizes cooling and heating coils.
4. Sizes air circulating fans.
5. Sizes chillers and boilers.
5 Steps in Systems and Plant Design Using HAP
1. Define the Problem
2. Gather Data
3. Enter Data into HAP
a. Weather Data
b. Space Data
c. System Data
d. Plant Data
4. Generate Design Report
5. Select Equipment
The HAP Main Program Window
5 Basic HVAC Design Elements:

1. Cooling/Heating Load Calculation

2. Duct Design

3. Piping Design

4. Equipment Selection

5. Energy Analysis
1902 Willis Carrier invented the first modern air-conditioning system. He
was 25 years old. The mechanical unit, which sent air through water-
cooled coils, was not aimed at human comfort, however; it was designed to
control humidity in the printing plant where he worked - the Sackett-
Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Co. in Brooklyn, N.Y.
The machine blows air over cold coils to control room temperature and
humidity, keeping paper from wrinkling and ink aligned. Finding that other
factories want to get in on the cooling action, Carrier establishes the
Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America. 
In 1922, he followed up with the invention of the centrifugal chiller,
which added a central compressor to reduce the unit's size. It was
introduced to the public on Memorial Day weekend, 1925, when it debuted
at the Rivoli Theater in Times Square. For years afterward, people piled
into air-conditioned movie theaters on hot summer days, giving rise to the
summer blockbuster. 
1939 Packard invents the coolest ride in town: the first air-
conditioned car. Dashboard controls for the a/c, however,
come later. Should the Packard's passengers get chilly, the
driver must stop the engine, pop open the hood, and
disconnect a compressor belt.

1950s In the post-World War II economic boom, residential

air conditioning becomes just another way to keep up with
the Joneses. More than 1 million units were sold in 1953
alone. 
1970s Window units lose cool points as central air comes along. The
units consist of a condenser, coils, and a fan. Air gets drawn, passed
over coils, and blasted through a home's ventilation system. R-12,
commonly known as Freon-12, is used as the refrigerant. 

1994 Freon is linked to ozone depletion and banned in several

countries. Auto manufacturers are required to switch to the less
harmful refrigerant R134a by 1996. Brands like Honeywell and
Carrier develop coolants that are more environmentally friendly. 
Trivia: Ohio inventor named Thomas Midgley, Jr. In 1921, while working for the
General Motors he discovered that tetraethyl lead significantly reduced engine knock.
Lead is a neurotoxin. Get too much of it and you can irreparably damage the
brain and central nervous system. Buoyed by the success of leaded gasoline, Midgley
now turned to another technological problem of the age. Refrigerators in the 1920s
used flammable gases as refrigerant. One leak from a refrigerator at a hospital in
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1929 killed more than a hundred people. Midgley set out to create
a gas that was stable, nonflammable, noncorrosive, and safe to breathe. Thus CFCs
were born. And it was noticed, half a century later, that they were devouring the
ozone in the stratosphere.
Midgley never knew this because he died long before anyone realized how
destructive CFCs were. His death was itself memorably unusual. After becoming
crippled with polio, Midgley invented a contraption involving a series of motorized
pulleys that automatically raised or turned him in bed. In 1944, he became entangled
in the cords as the machine went into action and was strangled.