UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY &APPLIED SCIENCES- NIZWA

Engineering Department
Mechanical &Industrial Section
Level : DIPLOMA-Mechanical
EEPW1240 – ENGG WORKSHOP (MECHANICAL)

Exercise No2: Marking out – Sheet metal tray

Marking out
• Marking out  is the process of transferring a design or pattern to a
work piece

• This process is the first step in the manufacturing process.

• Will ease the process of cutting operation

• Reduce waste and helps in effective use of raw materials

Sheet metal:

• Sheet metal is simply metal formed into thin and flat pieces.
It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and
can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes.
Marking on Sheet Metal

• Sheet metal is simply metal formed into different form

• The fundamental forms of metalworking can be cut and bent

into a variety of different shapes.
 Applications of Sheet Metal
• Sheet and plate metal parts for consumer and industrial products
such as
• Automobiles and trucks
• Air Duct
• Kitchen Furniture
Tools required
Tools & Instruments required:

• Measuring Instruments

• Marking Tools

• Work holding devices

• Striking Tools

• Cutting tools
Measuring tools
Steel Rule
It is a simple measuring instrument that is used for linear measurements
Vernier Height Gauge

As the name suggests is

used to measure the depth
from the surface of reference
of an object.
Measurement using Vernier Height Gauge

True reading T.R = Main scale reading +

Vernier scale coincidence x Least count

T.R = MST + (VSC x LC)

= 19 + (34 x 0.02)

= 19.68 mm
Measuring and Marking using Vernier Height Gauge

Marking can also be

done using Vernier
Depth gauge
Marking tools
Scriber
• A scriber is a hand tool used in metal work to mark lines on
workpieces, prior to machining. The process of using a
scriber is called scribing and is just part of the process
of marking out. This is made up of Hardened steel.
Engineer's square (Try Square)
• It is used for checking the straightness and squareness of a
workpiece. It can also be used for making perpendicular lines on
the workpiece.
Spring dividers
• It is made of hardened tool steel. The legs are used for scribing arcs
or circles on the workpiece.
 Punch
• It is used for making a small dots on the workpiece. There two
types of Punches namely Dot punch & centre punch

• Dot punch has a point angle of 60 ֯

• Centre punch has a point angle of 90 ֯

Difference between dot punch & center punch

• The centre punch is made form mild steel with the point hardened and
tempered so that it withstands impact with the material it is marking. It
is normally used to mark the centre of a hole to be drilled either by hand
or on the drilling machine.

The dot punch is a lighter and thinner version of the centre punch and is
used basically for the same job. However, it is more accurately as the dot
produced is smaller.
Number Punch
• Number punches are used for hand marking metals and other hard
materials. They are useful for stamping personal identification or
post codes on tools, cycles etc., as frequently recommended by
police and insurers. It is made up of hardened steels.
Surface Plate
A surface plate is a solid, flat plate used as the main horizontal reference
plane for precision inspection, marking out (layout), and tooling setup. It is
made up of Malleable Cast Iron.
Angle plate
• It is used for supporting or setting up the workpiece vertically, and are
provided with holes and slots through which securing bolts can be
located.

• It is made of Cast Iron or Steel

 V Block
It is used to hold round metal rods or pipes for performing drilling or milling operations.
They consist of a rectangular steel or cast iron block with a 90-degree channel rotated
45-degrees from the sides, forming a V-shaped channel in the top. A small groove is cut
in the bottom of the "V". So, it is called as ‘V’ Block.
Work holding tools
Bench Vice
It is used to secure an object to allow work to be performed on it.
Vises have two parallel jaws, one is fixed jaw and the other movable
jaw, threaded in and out by a screw and handle
Striking Tools
Hammer
• A striking tool is a very basic hand tool consisting of a
weighted head attached to a handle.

Claw Hammer Ball Peen Hammer Sledge Hammer Mallet

• A claw hammer is a tool primarily
used for driving nails into,
or pulling nails from, some other object

A ball-peen or ball pein hammer,
also known as a machinist's hammer, 
is a type of peening hammer used in metalworking.
It has two heads, one flat and the other, called the peen, rounded.
 
• Sledgehammer has a long handle combined with a heavy head
allows the sledgehammer to gather momentum during a swing and
apply a large force compared to hammers designed to drive nails

• Mallets: Wooden mallets are usually used in carpentry to knock

wooden pieces together, or to drive dowels or chisels. A wooden
mallet will not deform the striking end of a metal tool, as most metal
hammers would.
 Anvil
• An anvil is a metalworking tool consisting of a large block of
metal (usually forged or cast steel), with a flattened top surface,
upon which another object is struck (or "worked").
Cutting Tools
File: A file is a tool used to remove fine amounts of material from a workpiece.
Snips :Snips, also known as shears, are hand tools used to cut sheet
metal and other tough webs

Straight- and curved-blade snips

• Cutting pliers
Machines Required
Drilling Machine:
• A drill or drilling machine is primarily used for making round holes or
driving fasteners
Drill bit:

Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove material to create holes, almost always of circular cross-section. Drill bits come in many
sizes and shapes and can create different kinds of holes in many different materials
Shearing Machines
• Shearing machines are multipurpose devices used in the cutting of alloys and
other sheet metal. Some shearing machines use a scissor-like,
angular shear action to cut metal into sheets or strips.

Powered Shearing Treadle guillotine

Hand Shearing Machine
Machine
Hydraulic Profile Bending Machine:
Different joining Methods
Riveting
Joining by riveting
Spot Welding Machine
THE END