Chapter 3 (PART B)

Turbofan and Turboprop Engines

11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 1

 The Turbofan Engine
• Recall what we said about the
propeller/piston engine and the turbojet:
if you want more efficiency, you use the
propeller; but if you want more thrust, then
you use the turbojet
• The turbofan is a propulsive device which
strives to combine the high thrust of the
turbojet with the high efficiency of a
propeller. A schematic of the turbofan is • However, in the turbofan engine, the
shown in Fig 3.16 turbine drives not only the compressor but
• A turbofan is basically just a turbojet with also a large fan external to (i.e., outside
an additional fan. i.e., the turbojet forms of) the core
the “core” of the turbofan which therefore • The fan is contained in a shroud that is
contains all of the elements of the turbojet, wrapped around the core as shown in Fig
namely the diffuser, compressor, burner 3.16
(combustor), turbine, and nozzle

11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 2

 The Turbofan Engine (Contd.)
• The flow through a turbofan is split into
two paths. One passes through the fan
and flows externally over the core; this air
is processed only by the fan which acts
like a propeller
• Hence, the thrust produced by this airflow
(through the fan) is like air produced by a
propeller and therefore has an efficiency
of a propeller • In fact, a vast majority of jet-propelled
• The second path is through the core itself; airplanes today are powered by turbofan
i.e., through the turbojet. Hence, the thrust engines such as the Boeing 747
produced by this airflow is the same as • An important performance parameter of
that from a turbojet. It therefore produces the turbofan is the bypass ratio defined as
large thrust but with less efficiency the mass flow passing through the fan,
• This compromise has been found quite divided by the mass flow through the core
successful • The higher the bypass ratio, the higher is
the propulsive efficiency
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 3
 The Turbofan Engine (Contd.)
• Some photographs of large turbofan
engines are shown in Fig 3.17 of the text
(not here)
• A cutaway drawing of the “Pratt and
Whitney PW 4000” turbofan engine is
shown in Fig 3.18a.
• Again, we need to study the variation of
thrust and SFC with velocity and Mach
number
• The variation of thrust with velocity (Mach
number) is given by the relation
T
 AM  n [3.23]
TV 0 • The variation of thrust with altitude is
where A and n are functions of altitude approximated by
and TV=0 is the thrust at standard sea level T   
m

and at zero flight velocity    [3.25]

T0   0 
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 4
 The Turbofan Engine
• In eqn (3.25), m is a constant which
depends on engine design
• The variation of the thrust specific fuel
consumption ct with velocity, at a given
altitude, is given by
ct  B (1  kM  ) [3.26]
where B and k are empirical constants

11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 5

11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 6
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 7
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 8
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 9
 The Turboprop Engine
The Turboprop Engine:
• A turboprop is essentially just a propeller,
driven by a gas-turbine engine

11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 10

11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 11
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 12
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 13
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 14
11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 15
 Assignment

Do problems 3.4 and 3.5 from page 188

11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 16

 Next Class
• Next time we will do chapter 4 : Equations of Motion EOMs

11/07/21 Chapter 3 - PART B 17